The nature and impact of patient and public involvement in cancer prevention, screening and early detection research: A systematic review.

Patient and public involvement can produce high-quality, relevant research that better addresses the needs of patients and their families. This systematic review investigated the nature and impact of patient and public involvement in cancer prevention, screening and early detection research. Two patient representatives were involved as members of the review team. Databases (Medline, EMBASE, Emcare, Involve Evidence Library) were searched for English-language studies published 1995-March 2022. Titles/abstracts were screened by two reviewers independently. For eligible studies, data were extracted on study characteristics, patient and public involvement (who, when, how, and impact on research outcomes), and reporting quality using the Guidance for Reporting Involvement of Patients and the Public 2-Short Form. Of 4095 articles screened, 58 were eligible. Most research was from the United States (81%) and examined cancer screening or prevention (82%). Community members/organisations/public were the most involved (71%); fewer studies involved patients and/or carers (14%). Over half reported a high-level of involvement (i.e. partner and/or expert involvement), although this declined in later stages of the research cycle, e.g. data analysis. Common positive impacts included improved study design, research methods and recruitment, although most papers (62%) did not describe methods to determine impact. Reporting quality was sub-optimal, largely due to failure to consider challenges. This review found that high-level involvement of patients and the public in cancer prevention, screening and early detection research is feasible and has several advantages. However, improvements are needed to encourage involvement across the research cycle, and in evaluating and reporting its impact.

The impact of international migration on the health of brazilian women living in Australia

The aim of this study was to give an account of the impact of international migration on the health of Brazilian women living in Melbourne, Australia. Based on a descriptive exploratory design, qualitative data was generated through participant observation, in-depth interviews and focus groups with 33 Brazilian women. Data analysis was done using QSR Nvivo. The main emerging themes were related to women's health problems, the lack of social support; and sociopolitical, sociocultural and socioeconomic barriers to access the healthcare services. The results of this study made evident that Brazilian women faced a diversified range of problems in the migration process to Australia. Such results proved to be consistent with those found in the literature...

Este estudo teve por objetivo investigar impactos da imigração internacional na saúde de mulheres brasileiras, que vivem em Melbourne, Austrália. Com base em uma abordagem exploratória descritiva, dados qualitativos foram obtidos com 33 mulheres, através da observação participante, entrevistas e grupos focais. A análise dos dados foi realizada através do QSR Nvivo. Os principais temas emergentes foram: problemas de saúde das mulheres, falta de apoio social e barreiras sócio-política, sócio-cultural e sócio-econômica para acessar os serviços de saúde. Os resultados deste estudo evidenciaram que as mulheres enfrentaram uma gama diversificada de problemas no processo de migração para a Austrália. Estes resultados foram consistentes com os encontrados na literatura...

Este estudio tuvo como objetivo investigar los impactos de la migración internacional en la salud de las mujeres brasileñas que viven en Melbourne, Australia. Con base en un abordaje exploratório descriptivo, datos cualitativos fueron obtenidos a través de la observación participante, entrevistas y grupos focales con 33 mujeres. En el análisis de los datos fue empleado QSR Nvivo. Los principales temas emergentes fueron relacionados a: problemas de salud de las mujeres, falta de apoyo social y barreras sócio-políticas, sócio-culturales y sócio-económicas como acceso a los servicios de salud. Los resultados del estudio evidenciaron que las mujeres enfrentaron una gama diversa de problemas en el proceso de migración para Australia. Los resultados obtenidos fueron consistentes con los encontrados en la literatura...

Social change, migration and sexual health: Chilean women in Chile and Australia.

Cultural beliefs, norms and values regarding sexuality and gender roles forge people's sexual behaviour and understanding of sexual health risk. Acknowledging a person's cultural background is a key challenge for the promotion of sexual health programs and strategies for the prevention of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) and HIV/AIDS. This challenge acquires larger dimensions when health promotion programs are directed towards migrant communities. This article examines narratives about past and present life experiences of Chilean women living in Australia and Chilean women in Chile. We inquire about social changes and exposure to education women experienced in their own country and in Australia and the ways in which migrant women define and articulate their experiences in relation to sexual health prevention. In comparing these experiences, we raise a number of questions about sexual health promotion and programs, including the prevention of STDs and HIV/AIDS targeted to specific migrant communities in Australia. Very few sexual health policies and strategies in Australia take into account the impact that the social and cultural background of migrants, social changes and the 'settlement process' has on the cultural construction of gender identity of migrants in the new country. We propose that these cultural constructs are key in the formulation of migrants' beliefs and attitudes towards sexuality and sexual health. We suggest that there is a need to build effective and culturally appropriate sexual health promotion and prevention strategies that build upon the social and cultural background and the present and past life experiences of migrant women and men.