RESUMO
This study involves aporphine alkaloids identified through 13C Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopic data. For the present publication, articles were selected from several databases on aporphine alkaloids from 1994 to 2021. In this class, more than 700 compounds have been registered, with 221 were included in this section, among which 122 were characterized for the first time in the investigated period. The study also addresses their biosynthetic pathways, classifying substances according to their structural characteristics based on established literature. Furthermore, pharmacological activities related to the aporphine alkaloids highlighted in this section are also presented, giving an overview of the various applications of these compounds.
Assuntos
Alcaloides , Aporfinas , Alcaloides/farmacologia , Alcaloides/química , Aporfinas/farmacologia , Aporfinas/química , Espectroscopia de Ressonância Magnética , Estrutura MolecularRESUMO
Microbial resistance has become a worrying problem in recent decades after the abusive use of antibiotics causing the selection of resistant microorganisms. In order to circumvent such resistance, researchers have invested efforts in the search for promising natural substances, such as essential oils. Thus, the objective of this work was to determine the chemical composition of the essential oil of Acritopappus confertus leaves, to evaluate its intrinsic effect and its effects in combination with drugs against pathogenic fungi and bacteria, in addition to verifying the inhibition of virulence in Candida strains. To this end, the oil was verified by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Candida strains were used for antifungal assays by means of the serial microdilution technique, in order to determine the average inhibitory concentration (IC50), and for the modification assays, sub-inhibitory concentrations (MIC/8) were used. Finally, the natural product's ability to inhibit the formation of filamentous structures was evaluated. In antibacterial tests, the MIC of the oil against strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli and its modifying effects in association with gentamicin, erythromycin, and norfloxacin were determined. The major constituent of the essential oil was the monoterpene myrcene (54.71%). The results show that the essential oil has an antifungal effect, with C. albicans strains being the most susceptible. Furthermore, the oil can potentiate the effect of fluconazole against strains of C. tropicalis and C. albicans. Regarding its effect on micromorphology, the oil was also able to inhibit the filaments in all strains. In combination with antibiotics, the oil potentiated the drug's action by reducing the MIC against E. coli and S. aureus. It can be concluded that the essential oil of A. confertus has potential against pathogenic fungi and bacteria, making it a target for the development of an antimicrobial drug.
RESUMO
Este estudio tuvo como objetivo caracterizar las propiedades químicas, antioxidantes y antimicrobianas del aceite de pulpa de Mauritia flexuosa L. f. (Arecaceae). La identificación química se realizó por cromatografía de gases acoplada a espectrometría de masas. Se caracterizaron las propiedades fisicoquímicas. La capacidad antioxidante se ha verificado eliminando los radicales libres, reduciendo y quelando el hierro. La actividad antimicrobiana se evaluó mediante la concentración inhibitoria mínima y la acción moduladora de los antibióticos. Los principales ácidos grasos identificados fueron ácido esteárico, ácido palmítico y ácido oleico. La acidez y el índice de saponificación están dentro de los límites establecidos por la Agencia Nacional de Vigilancia Sanitaria. El aceite mostró actividad antioxidante moderada y actividad antimicrobiana contra las cepas de Candida. También mostró efectos sinérgicos, especialmente acerca de cefotaxima contra Bacillus cereus. Los resultados sugieren el potencial de la especie como antioxidante y en terapia antimicrobiana.
This study aimed to characterize the chemical, antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of the pulp oil of Mauritia flexuosa L. f. (Arecaceae). Chemical identification was performed by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. The physicochemical properties were characterized. Antioxidant capacity has been verified by eliminating of free radicals, reducing and chelation of iron. The antimicrobial activity was evaluated by the minimum inhibitory concentration and the modulatory action of antibiotics. The major fatty acids identified were stearic acid, palmitic acid and oleic acid. The acidity and the saponification index are within the limits established by the National Sanitary Surveillance Agency. The oil showed moderate antioxidant activity and antimicrobial activity against Candida strains. It also showed synergistic effects, especially on cefotaxime against Bacillus cereus. The results suggest the potential of the species as an antioxidant and in antimicrobial therapy.
