[Incisional hernia: open abdominal wall reconstruction. Current state of the technique and results]. / Narbenhernien: offene Operationsverfahren und Ergebnisse einer Kohortenstudie mit 343 Patienten.

The treatment of complex midline hernias remains a particular challenge. The currently refined knowledge of the anatomy in the cadaver laboratory and advancing clinical experience have changed our present approach. The aim of this review is to present a description of the updated surgical procedures and outcomes. We favor the retromuscular or preperitoneal layer for mesh implantation, including the Rives-Stoppa procedure (sublay mesh) and posterior component separation with the Madrid modification. We operated on 334 complex midline incisional hernias: 6.3% retromuscular preperitoneal, 15% after Rives-Stoppa, 2.4% anterior component separation and 76% posterior component separation. A bridging procedure was used in 31%. A complication occurred in 35.3%, most of which were wound healing disorders (SSO). The average length of hospital stay was 7.2 days. We recorded a very low incidence of long-term complications: 3.3% recurrence, 0.9% chronic pain (daily use of pain medication), 6% bulging, 1.8% chronic seroma and 2.6% chronic mesh infection. Despite the associated morbidity, retromuscular/preperitoneal treatment offers excellent long-term results.

Inoculant of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (Rhizophagus clarus) Increase Yield of Soybean and Cotton under Field Conditions.

Nutrient availability is an important factor in crop production, and regular addition of chemical fertilizers is the most common practice to improve yield in agrosystems for intensive crop production. The use of some groups of microorganisms that have specific activity providing nutrients to plants is a good alternative, and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) enhance plant nutrition by providing especially phosphorus, improving plant growth and increasing crop production. Unfortunately, the use of AMF as an inoculant on a large scale is not yet widely used, because of several limitations in obtaining a large amount of inoculum due to several factors, such as low growth, the few species of AMF domesticated under in vitro conditions, and high competition with native AMF. The objective of this work was to test the infectivity of a Rhizophagus clarus inoculum and its effectiveness as an alternative for nutrient supply in soybean (Glycine max L.) and cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) when compared with conventional chemical fertilization under field conditions. The experiments were carried out in a completely randomized block design with five treatments: Fertilizer, AMF, AMF with Fertilizer, AMF with 1/2 Fertilizer, and the Control with non-inoculated and non-fertilized plants. The parameters evaluated were AMF root colonization and effect of inoculation on plant growth, nutrient absorption and yield. The results showed that AMF inoculation increased around 20 % of root colonization in both soybean and cotton; nutrients analyses in vegetal tissues showed increase of P and nitrogen content in inoculated plants, these results reflect in a higher yield. Our results showed that, AMF inoculation increase the effectiveness of fertilizer application in soybean and reduce the fertilizer dosage in cotton.

[The AIDS epidemics in Mexico up to 2008]. / La epidemia de SIDA en México al 2008.

The HIV/AIDS epidemics in Mexico has remained stable in terms of its slow growth during the last decade. Since the beginning of this century, efforts have been made to improve the epidemiological registration system. An important number of probability studies involving multiple geographic locations in Mexico and larger numbers of high-risk vulnerable populations have also been carried out, while continuing surveillance of volunteers for HIV testing. The analysis of recently obtained information and its comparison with that of the past century have unveiled the traces left by the new epidemics in its wake. The joint analysis of available information indicates that there are changes in transmission patterns of HIV/ AIDS that have modified the prevalence figures of previous decades. While transmission of blood-borne HIV infections have ceased, the number of HIV-seropositive drug users has increased, particularly in the northern of Mexico. In the population of men having sex with men (MSM) a decline in HIV prevalence has been noticed, excepting in the male sex working (MSW) group in whom a significant increase has been observed. The population with heterosexual practice clearly shows a steady growth of AIDS in women, particularly in young women from rural areas and in native women.

La epidemia de SIDA en México al 2008 / The AIDS epidemics in Mexico up to 2008

En México, la epidemia de VIH/sida se ha mantenido estable en términos de su lento crecimiento durante la última década. Desde que inició el presente siglo se han realizado enormes esfuerzos para mejorar el sistema de registro epidemiológico, también se ha ejecutado un importante número de estudios probabilísticos que abarcaron gran cantidad de puntos geográficos en el territorio nacional y un relevante número de poblaciones clave en términos de vulnerabilidad frente a la epidemia, sin descuidar la vigilancia centinela que se nutre con las personas que acuden voluntariamente a realizarse la prueba de VIH. El análisis de la información obtenida recientemente y su comparación con la del pasado siglo han permitido el hallazgo de los nuevos rastros que deja la epidemia a su paso. El análisis conjunto y articulado de toda la información obtenida apunta a que hay cambios en los patrones de transmisión del VIH/sida y, por tanto, se han modificado las prevalencias observadas en décadas anteriores. Respecto a la vía de transmisión sanguínea han cesado los contagios relacionados on transfusiones y hemoderivados, sin embargo, ha crecido con fuerza el número de personas seropositivas en la población usuaria de drogas intravenosas, fundamentalmente en la región norte del país. En la población de hombres que tienen sexo con hombres se observa un descenso de la prevalencia, con excepción del grupo de hombres que practican el trabajo sexual, en el cual habría un importante incremento. En la población con prácticas heterosexuales se aprecia con nitidez un crecimiento constante de los casos de sida en mujeres, particularmente en las jóvenes, en las zonas rurales y en las mujeres indígenas.

The HIV/AIDS epidemics in Mexico has remained stable in terms of its slow growth during the last decade. Since the beginning of this century, efforts have been made to improve the epidemiological registration system. An important number of probability studies involving multiple geographic locations in Mexico and larger numbers of high-risk vulnerable populations have also been carried out, while continuing surveillance of volunteers for HIV testing. The analysis of recently obtained information and its comparison with that of the past century have unveiled the traces left by the new epidemics in its wake. The joint analysis of available information indicates that there are changes in transmission patterns of HIV/ AIDS that have modified the prevalence figures of previous decades. While transmission of blood-borne HIV infections have ceased, the number of HIV-seropositive drug users has increased, particularly in the northern of Mexico. In the population of men having sex with men (MSM) a decline in HIV prevalence has been noticed, excepting in the male sex working (MSW) group in whom a significant increase has been observed. The population with heterosexual practice clearly shows a steady growth of AIDS in women, particularly in young women from rural areas and in native women.

Aprovechamiento con fines de riego del manantial de Agua de Torres

Estudia la viabilidad técnica y el interés social de la implementación de un proyecto de microrriego en el ángulo NO de La Pampa, sitio donde existen pequeñas aguadas. El proyecto puede ser aplicado a otra serie de cursos semejantes, localizados en zonas próximas. Se intenta incorporar actividades no tradicionales para incrementar la demanda de empleo, mejorar la oferta de alimentos frescos y forrajes, además de formar recursos humanos entrenados en el manejo del agua con fines de riego

Aprovechamiento con fines de riego del manantial de Agua de Torres

Estudia la viabilidad técnica y el interés social de la implementación de un proyecto de microrriego en el ángulo NO de La Pampa, sitio donde existen pequeñas aguadas. El proyecto puede ser aplicado a otra serie de cursos semejantes, localizados en zonas próximas. Se intenta incorporar actividades no tradicionales para incrementar la demanda de empleo, mejorar la oferta de alimentos frescos y forrajes, además de formar recursos humanos entrenados en el manejo del agua con fines de riego