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1.
Nutr Rev ; 2024 Jul 12.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38994896

RESUMO

CONTEXT: Despite the progress toward gender equality in events like the Olympic Games and other institutionalized competitions, and the rising number of women engaging in physical exercise programs, scientific studies focused on establishing specific nutritional recommendations for female athletes and other physically active women are scarce. OBJECTIVE: This systematic review aimed to compile the scientific evidence available for addressing the question "What dietary strategies, including dietary and supplementation approaches, can improve sports performance, recovery, and health status in female athletes and other physically active women?" DATA SOURCES: The Pubmed, Web of Science, and Scopus databases were searched. DATA EXTRACTION: The review process involved a comprehensive search strategy using keywords connected by Boolean connectors. Data extracted from the selected studies included information on the number of participants and their characteristics related to sport practice, age, and menstrual function. DATA ANALYSIS: A total of 71 studies were included in this review: 17 focused on the analysis of dietary manipulation, and 54 focused on the effects of dietary supplementation. The total sample size was 1654 participants (32.5% categorized as competitive athletes, 30.7% as highly/moderately trained, and 37.2% as physically active/recreational athletes). The risk of bias was considered moderate, mainly for reasons such as a lack of access to the study protocol, insufficient description of how the hormonal phase during the menstrual cycle was controlled for, inadequate dietary control during the intervention, or a lack of blinding of the researchers. CONCLUSION: Diets with high carbohydrate (CHO) content enhance performance in activities that induce muscle glycogen depletion. In addition, pre-exercise meals with a high glycemic index or rich in CHOs increase CHO metabolism. Ingestion of 5-6 protein meals interspersed throughout the day, with each intake exceeding 25 g of protein favors anabolism of muscle proteins. Dietary supplements taken to enhance performance, such as caffeine, nitric oxide precursors, ß-alanine, and certain sport foods supplements (such as CHOs, proteins, or their combination, and micronutrients in cases of nutritional deficiencies), may positively influence sports performance and/or the health status of female athletes and other physically active women. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION: PROSPERO registration no. CRD480674.

2.
Nutrients ; 15(3)2023 Jan 20.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36771251

RESUMO

Cocoa, rich in polyphenols, has been reported to provide many health benefits due to its antioxidant properties. In this study, we investigated the effect of Cocoa polyphenols extract (CPE) against oxidative stress-induced cellular senescence using a hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced cellular senescence model in three auditory cells lines derived from the auditory organ of a transgenic mouse: House Ear Institute-Organ of Corti 1 (HEI-OC1), Organ of Corti-3 (OC-k3), and Stria Vascularis (SV-k1) cells. Our results showed that CPE attenuated senescent phenotypes, including senescence-associated ß-galactosidase expression, cell proliferation, alterations of morphology, oxidative DNA damage, mitochondrial dysfunction by inhibiting mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mtROS) generation, and related molecules expressions such as forkhead box O3 (FOXO3) and p53. In addition, we determined that CPE induces expression of sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) and sirtuin 3 (SIRT3), and it has a protective role against cellular senescence by upregulation of SIRT1 and SIRT3. These data indicate that CPE protects against senescence through SIRT1, SIRT3, FOXO3, and p53 in auditory cells. In conclusion, these results suggest that Cocoa has therapeutic potential against age-related hearing loss (ARHL).


Assuntos
Sirtuína 1 , Sirtuína 3 , Camundongos , Animais , Sirtuína 1/metabolismo , Sirtuína 3/genética , Sirtuína 3/metabolismo , Polifenóis/farmacologia , Peróxido de Hidrogênio/metabolismo , Proteína Supressora de Tumor p53/metabolismo , Senescência Celular , Estresse Oxidativo , Camundongos Transgênicos
3.
Nutr Hosp ; 39(Spec No3): 39-43, 2022 Sep 01.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36040003

RESUMO

Introduction: The gut microbiota has emerged as a key factor on one hand as a mediator of the effects of diet on health and, on the other hand, as a source of intervariability of response to a diet. Moreover, there is a strong bidirectional interaction between our health and the microbiota that inhabit us, with each determining the presence of the other. In this review are named some of the metabolic functions in which the microbiota participates and which have an impact on our health, with particular emphasis on its ability to ferment fiber and produce short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) that provide numerous benefits to our health, but which have also been linked to obesity. Finally, some examples of dietary intervention in which the microbiota has been shown to play a key role in the results obtained are mentioned.


Introducción: La microbiota intestinal se ha revelado como un factor clave, por un lado, como mediador de los efectos de la dieta en la salud y, por otro lado, como fuente de intervariabilidad de respuesta a una dieta. Además, existe una fuerte interacción bidireccional entre nuestra salud y la microbiota que nos habita, determinando cada uno la presencia del otro. En esta revisión se nombran algunas de las funciones metabólicas en las que participa la microbiota y que tienen un impacto en nuestra salud, con especial hincapié en su capacidad para fermentar la fibra y producir ácidos grasos de cadena corta (AGCC), que aportan numerosos beneficios a nuestra salud, pero que también se han relacionado con la obesidad. Por último, se nombran algunos ejemplos de intervención dietética en los que se ha demostrado que la microbiota cumple un papel fundamental en los resultados obtenidos.


Assuntos
Microbioma Gastrointestinal , Microbiota , Dieta , Fibras na Dieta/farmacologia , Ácidos Graxos Voláteis , Humanos
4.
Antioxidants (Basel) ; 11(8)2022 Aug 04.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36009241

RESUMO

The potential role of cocoa supplementation in an exercise context remains unclear. We describe the effects of flavanol-rich cocoa supplementation during training on exercise performance and mitochondrial biogenesis. Forty-two male endurance athletes at the beginning of the training season received either 5 g of cocoa (425 mg of flavanols) or maltodextrin (control) daily for 10 weeks. Two different doses of cocoa (equivalent to 5 g and 15 g per day of cocoa for a 70 kg person) were tested in a mouse exercise training study. In the athletes, while both groups had improved exercise performance, the maximal aerobic speed increased only in the control group. A mitochondrial DNA analysis revealed that the control group responded to training by increasing the mitochondrial load whereas the cocoa group showed no increase. Oxidative stress was lower in the cocoa group than in the control group, together with lower interleukin-6 levels. In the muscle of mice receiving cocoa, we corroborated an inhibition of mitochondrial biogenesis, which might be mediated by the decrease in the expression of nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2. Our study shows that supplementation with flavanol-rich cocoa during the training period inhibits mitochondrial biogenesis adaptation through the inhibition of reactive oxygen species generation without impacting exercise performance.

5.
Antioxidants (Basel) ; 11(8)2022 Jul 26.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35892652

RESUMO

Presbycusis or Age-related hearing loss (ARHL) is a sensorineural hearing loss that affects communication, leading to depression and social isolation. Currently, there are no effective treatments against ARHL. It is known that cocoa products have high levels of polyphenol content (mainly flavonoids), that are potent anti-inflammatory and antioxidant agents with proven benefits for health. The objective is to determine the protective effect of cocoa at the cellular and molecular levels in Presbycusis. For in vitro study, we used House Ear Institute-Organ of Corti 1 (HEI-OC1), stria vascularis (SV-k1), and organ of Corti (OC-k3) cells (derived from the auditory organ of a transgenic mouse). Each cell line was divided into a control group (CTR) and an H2O2 group (induction of senescence by an oxygen radical). Additionally, every group of every cell line was treated with the cocoa polyphenolic extract (CPE), measuring different markers of apoptosis, viability, the activity of antioxidant enzymes, and oxidative/nitrosative stress. The data show an increase of reactive oxidative and nitrogen species (ROS and RNS, respectively) in senescent cells compared to control ones. CPE treatment effectively reduced these high levels and correlated with a significant reduction in apoptosis cells by inhibiting the mitochondrial-apoptotic pathway. Furthermore, in senescence cells, the activity of antioxidant enzymes (Superoxide dismutase, SOD; Catalase, CAT; and Glutathione peroxidase, GPx) was recovered after CPE treatment. Administration of CPE also decreased oxidative DNA damage in the auditory senescent cells. In conclusion, CPE inhibits the activation of senescence-related apoptotic signaling by decreasing oxidative stress in auditory senescent cells.

6.
Planta Med ; 88(13): 1245-1255, 2022 Oct.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35226949

RESUMO

The gut microbiota has emerged as a factor that influences exercise performance and recovery. The present study aimed to test the effect of a polyherbal supplement containing ginger and annatto called "ReWin(d)" on the gut microbiota of recreational athletes in a pilot, randomized, triple-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Thirty-four participants who practice physical activity at least three times weekly were randomly allocated to two groups, a ReWin(d) group or a maltodextrin (placebo) group. We evaluated the gut microbiota, the production of short-chain fatty acids, and the serum levels of interleukin-6 and lipopolysaccharide at baseline and after 4 weeks. Results showed that ReWin(d) supplementation slightly increased gut microbiota diversity. Pairwise analysis revealed an increase in the relative abundance of Lachnospira (ß-coefficient = 0.013; p = 0.001), Subdoligranulum (ß-coefficient = 0.016; p = 0.016), Roseburia (ß-coefficient = 0.019; p = 0.001), and Butyricicoccus (ß-coefficient = 0.005; p = 0.035) genera in the ReWin(d) group, and a decrease in Lachnoclostridium (ß-coefficient = - 0.008; p = 0.009) and the Christensenellaceae R7 group (ß-coefficient = - 0.010; p < 0.001). Moreover, the Christensenellaceae R-7 group correlated positively with serum interleukin-6 (ρ = 0.4122; p = 0.032), whereas the Lachnospira genus correlated negatively with interleukin-6 (ρ = - 0.399; p = 0.032). ReWin(d) supplementation had no effect on short-chain fatty acid production or on interleukin-6 or lipopolysaccharide levels.


Assuntos
Microbioma Gastrointestinal , Zingiber officinale , Humanos , Bixaceae , Interleucina-6/farmacologia , Lipopolissacarídeos/farmacologia , Fezes , Suplementos Nutricionais , Ácidos Graxos Voláteis/farmacologia , Atletas
7.
PLoS One ; 16(2): e0246261, 2021.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33571276

RESUMO

Ultrasound is considered a safe and non-invasive tool in regenerative medicine and has been used in the clinic for more than twenty years for applications in bone healing after the approval of the Exogen device, also known as low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS). Beyond its effects on bone health, LIPUS has also been investigated for wound healing of soft tissues, with positive results for various cell processes including cell proliferation, migration and angiogenesis. As LIPUS has the potential to treat chronic skin wounds, we sought to evaluate the effects produced by a conventional therapeutic ultrasound device at low intensities (also considered LIPUS) on the migration capacity of mouse and human skin mesenchymal precursors (s-MPs). Cells were stimulated for 3 days (20 minutes per day) using a traditional ultrasound device with the following parameters: 100 mW/cm2 with 20% duty cycle and frequency of 3 MHz. At the parameters used, ultrasound failed to affect s-MP proliferation, with no evident changes in morphology or cell groupings, and no changes at the cytoskeletal level. Further, the migration and invasion ability of s-MPs were unaffected by the ultrasound protocol, and no major changes were detected in the gene/protein expression of ROCK1, integrin ß1, laminin ß1, type I collagen and transforming growth factor ß1. Finally, RNA-seq analysis revealed that only 10 genes were differentially expressed after ultrasound stimulation. Among them, 5 encode for small nuclear RNAs and 2 encode for proteins belonging to the nuclear pore complex. Considering the results overall, while the viability of s-MPs was not affected by ultrasound stimulation and no changes were detected in proliferation/migration, RNA-seq analysis would suggest that s-MPs do respond to ultrasound. The use of 100 mW/cm2 intensity or conventional therapeutic ultrasound devices might not be optimal for the stimulation the properties of cell populations. Future studies should investigate the potential application of ultrasound using variations of the tested parameters.


Assuntos
Células-Tronco Mesenquimais/efeitos da radiação , Terapia por Ultrassom , Ondas Ultrassônicas , Animais , Western Blotting , Movimento Celular/efeitos da radiação , Citoesqueleto/efeitos da radiação , Humanos , Camundongos , Microscopia de Fluorescência , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase em Tempo Real , Transcriptoma/efeitos da radiação , Terapia por Ultrassom/efeitos adversos , Terapia por Ultrassom/métodos , Ondas Ultrassônicas/efeitos adversos , Cicatrização/efeitos da radiação
8.
J Cell Physiol ; 236(1): 132-145, 2021 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32468615

RESUMO

Pericardial adipose tissue (PAT), a visceral fat depot enveloping the heart, is an active endocrine organ and a source of free fatty acids and inflammatory cytokines. As in other fat adult tissues, PAT contains a population of adipose stem cells; however, whether these cells and/or their environment play a role in physiopathology is unknown. We analyzed several stem cell-related properties of pericardial adipose stem cells (PSCs) isolated from obese and ex-obese mice. We also performed RNA-sequencing to profile the transcriptional landscape of PSCs isolated from the different diet regimens. Finally, we tested whether these alterations impacted on the properties of cardiac mesoangioblasts isolated from the same mice. We found functional differences between PSCs depending on their source: specifically, PSCs from obese PSC (oPSC) and ex-obese PSC (dPSC) mice showed alterations in apoptosis and migratory capacity when compared with lean, control PSCs, with increased apoptosis in oPSCs and blunted migratory capacity in oPSCs and dPSCs. This was accompanied by different gene expression profiles across the cell types, where we identified some genes altered in obese conditions, such as BMP endothelial cell precursor-derived regulator (BMPER), an important regulator of BMP-related signaling pathways for endothelial cell function. The importance of BMPER in PSCs was confirmed by loss- and gain-of-function studies. Finally, we found an altered production of BMPER and some important chemokines in cardiac mesoangioblasts in obese conditions. Our findings point to BMPER as a potential new regulator of PSC function and suggest that its dysregulation could be associated with obesity and may impact on cardiac cells.


Assuntos
Adipócitos/metabolismo , Proteínas de Transporte/metabolismo , Obesidade/genética , Obesidade/metabolismo , Pericárdio/metabolismo , Células-Tronco/metabolismo , Regulação para Cima/genética , Tecido Adiposo/metabolismo , Animais , Apoptose/genética , Diferenciação Celular/genética , Células Cultivadas , Dieta Hiperlipídica/efeitos adversos , Células Endoteliais/metabolismo , Ácidos Graxos não Esterificados/metabolismo , Feminino , Gordura Intra-Abdominal/metabolismo , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Camundongos Obesos/genética , Camundongos Obesos/metabolismo , Transdução de Sinais/genética
9.
Nutrients ; 12(12)2020 Nov 24.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33255362

RESUMO

Nitrate supplementation is an effective, evidence-based dietary strategy for enhancing sports performance. The effects of dietary nitrate seem to be mediated by the ability of oral bacteria to reduce nitrate to nitrite, thus increasing the levels of nitrite in circulation that may be further reduced to nitric oxide in the body. The gut microbiota has been recently implicated in sports performance by improving muscle function through the supply of certain metabolites. In this line, skeletal muscle can also serve as a reservoir of nitrate. Here we review the bacteria of the oral cavity involved in the reduction of nitrate to nitrite and the possible changes induced by nitrite and their effect on gastrointestinal balance and gut microbiota homeostasis. The potential role of gut bacteria in the reduction of nitrate to nitrite and as a supplier of the signaling molecule nitric oxide to the blood circulation and muscles has not been explored in any great detail.


Assuntos
Desempenho Atlético/fisiologia , Dieta/métodos , Suplementos Nutricionais , Microbiota/fisiologia , Boca/microbiologia , Nitratos/metabolismo , Microbioma Gastrointestinal/fisiologia , Humanos
10.
Genes (Basel) ; 11(9)2020 09 17.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32957737

RESUMO

Ultrasound has emerged as a novel tool for clinical applications, particularly in the context of regenerative medicine. Due to its unique physico-mechanical properties, low-intensity ultrasound (LIUS) has been approved for accelerated fracture healing and for the treatment of established non-union, but its utility has extended beyond tissue engineering to other fields, including cell regeneration. Cells and tissues respond to acoustic ultrasound by switching on genetic repair circuits, triggering a cascade of molecular signals that promote cell proliferation, adhesion, migration, differentiation, and extracellular matrix production. LIUS also induces angiogenesis and tissue regeneration and has anti-inflammatory and anti-degenerative effects. Accordingly, the potential application of ultrasound for tissue repair/regeneration has been tested in several studies as a stand-alone treatment and, more recently, as an adjunct to cell-based therapies. For example, ultrasound has been proposed to improve stem cell homing to target tissues due to its ability to create a transitional and local gradient of cytokines and chemokines. In this review, we provide an overview of the many applications of ultrasound in clinical medicine, with a focus on its value as an adjunct to cell-based interventions. Finally, we discuss the various preclinical and clinical studies that have investigated the potential of ultrasound for regenerative medicine.


Assuntos
Medicina Regenerativa , Células-Tronco/citologia , Ondas Ultrassônicas , Animais , Humanos , Células-Tronco/efeitos da radiação
11.
Food Funct ; 11(4): 3441-3450, 2020 Apr 30.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32236212

RESUMO

Flavanols-rich cocoa has positive effects on lipid metabolism and might enhance the performance of athletes through an improvement in their body composition. To test this hypothesis a placebo-controlled intervention study in training endurance athletes who received 5 g of cocoa daily (425 mg of flavanols) for 10 weeks was performed. Dietary intake, body composition, exercise performance and plasma levels of follistatin, myostatin and leptin were measured. Cocoa intake significantly reduced body fat percentage (p = 0.020), specifically in the trunk (p = 0.022), visceral area (p = 0.034) and lower limbs (p = 0.004). The reduction in body fat mass was accompanied by an increase in plasma follistatin and a decrease in leptin, while myostatin levels remained unchanged. The intake of cocoa reduced the percentage of body fat of athletes, without any impact on athletes' performance. The change in fat body composition did not improve athletes' performance.


Assuntos
Atletas , Chocolate , Suplementos Nutricionais , Flavonóis , Resistência Física , Tecido Adiposo/metabolismo , Adolescente , Adulto , Composição Corporal , Folistatina/sangue , Humanos , Leptina/sangue , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Miostatina/sangue , Adulto Jovem
12.
Int J Obes (Lond) ; 44(4): 908-919, 2020 04.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31548573

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: The role of adipose tissue in the pathophysiology of cardiovascular disease remains a major subject of research. The objective of the present study was to dissect the molecular mechanisms that regulate the survival and differentiation of cardiac cells in an obese environment. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We isolated murine/human cardiac cells from adult hearts of control and obese mice/subjects and analyzed the communication between cardiac cells and adipocytes in vitro, as well as the effects on their main functions such as survival and differentiation. RESULTS: We found that the presence of visceral or subcutaneous adipocytes in the environment of cardiomyocytes or cardiac precursors provoked apoptosis or blocked differentiation, respectively, and these effects were mediated by secreted adipokines. Remarkably, cardiac precursors changed their fate and differentiated into mature adipocytes, contributing to the overall increase in adipose cell content. Inhibiting the adipokines TNF-α, visfatin, or HMGB1 could block the deleterious effects of adipokines on cardiac cells. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings demonstrate that mouse and human visceral adipose tissue contributes negatively to the homeostasis and regeneration of the heart. Moreover, our results suggest that blocking the action of certain adipokines might enhance cardiac differentiation and survival.


Assuntos
Adipocinas , Diferenciação Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Miócitos Cardíacos/efeitos dos fármacos , Adipocinas/metabolismo , Adipocinas/farmacologia , Animais , Células Cultivadas , Feminino , Humanos , Gordura Intra-Abdominal/citologia , Gordura Intra-Abdominal/metabolismo , Masculino , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL
13.
Methods Mol Biol ; 2002: 29-38, 2019.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30097969

RESUMO

It has been described that adult tissues contain mesenchymal stem cell populations. The specific areas where stem cells reside are known as niches. Crosstalk between cells and their niche is essential to maintain the correct functionality of stem cell. MSCs present a set of abilities such as migration, invasion, and angiogenic potentials, which make them ideal candidates for cell-based therapies. In order to test the regenerative capacity of these cells, we have described a methodology for the collection and for the evaluation of these mesenchymal precursors from different niches.


Assuntos
Diferenciação Celular , Movimento Celular , Células-Tronco Mesenquimais/citologia , Neovascularização Fisiológica , Nicho de Células-Tronco/fisiologia , Animais , Proliferação de Células , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Medicina Regenerativa
14.
Cell Physiol Biochem ; 46(5): 1999-2016, 2018.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29723858

RESUMO

The stem cell field has grown very rapidly during the last decade, offering the promise of innovative therapies to treat disease. Different stem cell populations have been isolated from various human adult tissues, mainly from bone marrow and adipose tissue, but many other body tissues harbor a stem cell population. Adult tissue stem cells are invariably found in discrete microenvironments termed niches, where they play key roles in tissue homeostasis by enabling lifelong optimization of organ form and function. Some diseases are known to strike at the stem cell population, through alterations in their specific microenvironments, making them non-viable. Furthermore, it has been shown that a transformed stem cell population could prompt the development of certain cancers. This review focuses on the potential negative aspects of a range of diseases on the activity of stem cells and how their potential use in cell therapies may be affected.


Assuntos
Nicho de Células-Tronco , Células-Tronco/patologia , Envelhecimento , Animais , Doenças Cardiovasculares/metabolismo , Doenças Cardiovasculares/patologia , Homeostase , Humanos , Inflamação/metabolismo , Inflamação/patologia , Doenças Metabólicas/metabolismo , Doenças Metabólicas/patologia , Neoplasias/metabolismo , Neoplasias/patologia , Osteoporose/metabolismo , Osteoporose/patologia , Células-Tronco/citologia , Células-Tronco/metabolismo
15.
J Cell Mol Med ; 22(2): 746-754, 2018 02.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29214727

RESUMO

Cell migration is an essential process throughout the life of vertebrates, beginning during embryonic development and continuing throughout adulthood. Stem cells have an inherent ability to migrate, that is as important as their capacity for self-renewal and differentiation, enabling them to maintain tissue homoeostasis and mediate repair and regeneration. Adult stem cells reside in specific tissue niches, where they remain in a quiescent state until called upon and activated by tissue environmental signals. Cell migration is a highly regulated process that involves the integration of intrinsic signals from the niche and extrinsic factors. Studies using three-dimensional in vitro models have revealed the astonishing plasticity of cells in terms of the migration modes employed in response to changes in the microenvironment. These same properties can, however, be subverted during the development of some pathologies such as cancer. In this review, we describe the response of adult stem cells to migratory stimuli and the mechanisms by which they sense and transduce intracellular signals involved in migratory processes. Understanding the molecular events underlying migration may help develop therapeutic strategies for regenerative medicine and to treat diseases with a cell migration component.


Assuntos
Células-Tronco Adultas/citologia , Movimento Celular , Animais , Humanos , Modelos Biológicos
16.
Mol Genet Metab Rep ; 12: 51-56, 2017 Sep.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28580301

RESUMO

Adipose tissue is a significant source of mesenchymal stem cells for regenerative therapies; however, caution should be taken as their environmental niche can affect their functional properties. We have previously demonstrated the negative impact of obesity on the function of adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs). Here we have evaluated other possible properties and targets that are altered by obesity such as the recently described long non-coding molecule Gas5, which is involved in glucocorticoid resistance. Using ASCs isolated from obese (oASCs) and control subjects (cASCs), we have analyzed additional metabolic and inflammatory conditions that could be related with their impaired therapeutic potential and consequently their possible usefulness in the clinic.

17.
PLoS One ; 11(3): e0150004, 2016.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26930466

RESUMO

Mesenchymal precursors (MPs) present some advantageous features, such as differentiation and migration, which make them promising candidates for cell therapy. A better understanding of MP migration characteristics would aid the development of cell delivery protocols. Traditionally, cell migration is thought to occur only through the formation of lamellipodia. More recently, contractility-driven bleb formation has emerged as an alternative mechanism of motility. Here we report that MPs derived from different tissues present spontaneously dynamic cytoplasmic projections in sub-confluent culture, which appear as a combination of lamellipodia with blebs in the leading edge. Upon initial seeding, however, only bleb structures could be observed. Immunofluorescence revealed the presence of pERM, RhoA and F-actin during the blebbing process. Results from migration assays in the presence of blebbistatin, a myosin II inhibitor, showed that bleb formation correlated with migratory capacity, suggesting a functional role for blebs in migration. Bleb formation might be a useful mechanism to improve cell migration in cellular therapy protocols.


Assuntos
Membrana Celular/metabolismo , Movimento Celular/fisiologia , Células-Tronco Mesenquimais/citologia , Citoesqueleto de Actina/metabolismo , Actinas/metabolismo , Animais , Diferenciação Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Diferenciação Celular/fisiologia , Membrana Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Movimento Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Compostos Heterocíclicos de 4 ou mais Anéis/farmacologia , Células-Tronco Mesenquimais/efeitos dos fármacos , Células-Tronco Mesenquimais/metabolismo , Camundongos , Pseudópodes/metabolismo , Proteína rhoA de Ligação ao GTP
18.
Obesity (Silver Spring) ; 24(3): 661-9, 2016 Mar.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26833860

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: The therapeutic potential of adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) is reduced by various stress-inducing conditions that affect tissue homeostasis such as diabetes, aging, and obesity. Previous works have provided evidence of negative effects of obesity on ASC populations, but it is unclear whether this persists after a weight loss. This study evaluated whether weight loss can restore the attenuated properties found in ASCs derived from populations with obesity (oASCs). METHODS: In vitro functional analyses were performed to investigate the possible recovery properties in mouse oASCs. Using ASCs isolated from subcutaneous tissue from formerly obese mice (dASCs) and control mice (cASCs), cell proliferation, viability, and some regenerative properties in these cells were analyzed compared with oASCs to evaluate the functional cell state. RESULTS: Cell proliferation, viability, and some regenerative properties are strengthened in dASCs and cASCs compared with oASCs. Nevertheless, metabolic analysis reveals a mitochondrial load misbalance and function leading to impaired respiration in dASCs. CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrates that an initial obese environment triggers a detrimental state in ASCs that is not completely recovered after weight loss.


Assuntos
Adipócitos/metabolismo , Células-Tronco/metabolismo , Gordura Subcutânea/metabolismo , Animais , Diferenciação Celular , Proliferação de Células , Camundongos , Obesidade/metabolismo , Redução de Peso
19.
Stem Cell Rev Rep ; 11(6): 852-65, 2015 Dec.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26201830

RESUMO

Cell-based therapy is a promising approach for many diseases, including ischemic heart disease. Cardiac mesoangioblasts are committed vessel-associated progenitors that can restore to a significant, although partial, extent, heart structure and function in a murine model of myocardial infarction. Low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) is a non-invasive form of mechanical energy that can be delivered into biological tissues as acoustic pressure waves, and is widely used for clinical applications including bone fracture healing. We hypothesized that the positive effects of LIPUS on bone and soft tissue, such as increased cell differentiation and cytoskeleton reorganization, could be applied to increase the therapeutic potential of mesoangioblasts for heart repair. In this work, we show that LIPUS stimulation of cardiac mesoangioblasts isolated from mouse and human heart results in significant cellular modifications that provide beneficial effects to the cells, including increased malleability and improved motility. Additionally, LIPUS stimulation increased the number of binucleated cells and induced cardiac differentiation to an extent comparable with 5'-azacytidine treatment. Mechanistically, LIPUS stimulation activated the BMP-Smad signalling pathway and increased the expression of myosin light chain-2 together with upregulation of ß1 integrin and RhoA, highlighting a potentially important role for cytoskeleton reorganization. Taken together, these results provide functional evidence that LIPUS might be a useful tool to explore in the field of heart cell therapy.


Assuntos
Terapia Baseada em Transplante de Células e Tecidos/métodos , Infarto do Miocárdio/terapia , Células-Tronco/citologia , Células-Tronco/diagnóstico por imagem , Ondas Ultrassônicas , Animais , Azacitidina/farmacologia , Receptores de Proteínas Morfogenéticas Ósseas/metabolismo , Diferenciação Celular , Movimento Celular , Sobrevivência Celular , Células Cultivadas , Perfilação da Expressão Gênica , Ventrículos do Coração/citologia , Humanos , Camundongos , Transdução de Sinais , Proteínas Smad/metabolismo , Ultrassonografia
20.
PLoS One ; 10(4): e0123397, 2015.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25875023

RESUMO

Adipose stem cells (ASCs) are an appealing source of cells for therapeutic intervention; however, the environment from which ASCs are isolated may impact their usefulness. Using a range of functional assays, we have evaluated whether ASCs isolated from an obese environment are comparable to cells from non-obese adipose tissue. Results showed that ASCs isolated from obese tissue have a reduced proliferative ability and a loss of viability together with changes in telomerase activity and DNA telomere length, suggesting a decreased self-renewal capacity. Metabolic analysis demonstrated that mitochondrial content and function was impaired in obese-derived ASCs resulting in changes in favored oxidative substrates. These findings highlight the impact of obesity on adult stem properties. Hence, caution should be exercised when considering the source of ASCs for cellular therapies since their therapeutic potential may be impaired.


Assuntos
Adipócitos/citologia , Tecido Adiposo/patologia , Obesidade/metabolismo , Células-Tronco/citologia , Adulto , Animais , Sequência de Bases , Índice de Massa Corporal , Proliferação de Células , Sobrevivência Celular , DNA/análise , Ácidos Graxos/química , Feminino , Humanos , Ácido Láctico/química , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Mitocôndrias/metabolismo , Dados de Sequência Molecular , Espécies Reativas de Oxigênio/metabolismo , Telômero/ultraestrutura
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