RESUMO
Directed trees are special graphs usually employed as illustrative device of numerical methods applied in evolutionary biology. The present note explores its possible application in social sciences. Its utility as classificatory method in a classical anthropological study of cultural exchanges is exemplified.
Assuntos
Árvores de Decisões , Ciências Sociais/métodos , Negro ou Afro-Americano , Algoritmos , Cultura , HumanosRESUMO
This is a review of the results of surgical treatment of congenital heart disease in children aged less than 12 years over the period 1975 - 1981 (1254 cases). The patients are divided into two groups, those treated between 1975 and 1979 (903 cases) and those treated in 1980 and 1981 (351 cases). Only 19,7% of the patients in the first group were under the age of 1 year, but 26,5% in the second group were in this age group. This reflects a change in policy and an attempt at surgical correction at a much younger age than was previously the case. Our present policy in cardiac emergencies in infants will be discussed. Despite the higher percentage of infants aged under 1 year who were treated in 1980 - 1981, the mortality rate was lower than that for the period 1975 - 1979. This probably reflects greater experience in the post-operative management of patients under the age of 1 year.
Assuntos
Cardiopatias Congênitas/cirurgia , Fatores Etários , Derivação Arteriovenosa Cirúrgica , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Anomalias dos Vasos Coronários/cirurgia , Permeabilidade do Canal Arterial/cirurgia , Cardiopatias Congênitas/mortalidade , Comunicação Interatrial/cirurgia , Comunicação Interventricular/cirurgia , Humanos , Lactente , Recém-Nascido , Prostaglandinas/uso terapêutico , Artéria Pulmonar/anormalidades , Estenose da Valva Pulmonar/cirurgia , Tetralogia de Fallot/cirurgia , Valva Tricúspide/anormalidadesRESUMO
This is a review of the last 307 patients with tetralogy of Fallot who were operated on in our unit at Groote Schuur Hospital and Red Cross War Memorial Children's Hospital. Complete repair was undertaken in 301 patients, and shunts were performed in 6 children. There were 17 hospital deaths and 1 late death. The mortality was 5.5% for children less than 12 years old and 6.6% in patients between 12 and 20 years old. During this study period, there was a change in our policy as to when complete repair should be attempted. At present, we perform systemic-pulmonary shunts in patients less than 6 months old and delay complete repair until the child is 2 years old. In deciding whether a shunt should precede complete repair, our experience has shown that age is not as important a consideration as the anatomy of the outflow tract of the right ventricle and pulmonary arteries.
Assuntos
Tetralogia de Fallot/cirurgia , Adolescente , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Feminino , Humanos , Lactente , Recém-Nascido , Masculino , Artéria Pulmonar/cirurgia , Tetralogia de Fallot/mortalidadeRESUMO
Between 1 August 1975 and 31 October 1982, 76 patients aged between 70 and 82 years (mean 73,4 years) underwent elective (71) or emergency (5) valve replacements. Fifty patients underwent aortic valve replacement (including 5 with additional coronary artery bypass grafts), 19 mitral valve replacement including 3 with coronary artery bypass grafts, and 7 double valve replacements. There were 3 early deaths (3,9%) and 9 late deaths (11,8%) during the follow-up periods of 1 month - 86 months (mean 29 months). Actuarial analysis showed a survival rate of 95% at 1 year, 89% at 2 years, and 77% at 5 years. The clinical result of operation was judged to be good or excellent in all patients except one. It is concluded that valve replacement in patients over 70 years carries a low operative risk, statistically similar to that for younger patients at our institution, and is accompanied by a satisfactory result.
