Inflammatory potential of diet and bone mineral density in a senior Mediterranean population: a cross-sectional analysis of PREDIMED-Plus study.

PURPOSE: Inflammation could play a key role in tissue damage and bone metabolism. The modified dietary inflammatory score (M-DIS) is a validated tool to estimate the inflammatory potential of the diet. In the present study, we evaluate the associations between the M-DIS and bone mineral density (BMD) in a senior Mediterranean population with overweight/obesity and metabolic syndrome. METHODS: Baseline cross-sectional association between the M-DIS and bone mineral density was assessed in 1134 participants of the multicenter PREDIMED-Plus trial (aged 55-75 with overweight/obesity and metabolic syndrome). BMD was measured using Dual-energy X-ray Absorptiometry scans and participants answered a food frequency questionnaire to determine the M-DIS. BMD was categorized as low BMD when T score was equal or lower than -1 and normal BMD in another case. Associations between BMD and M-DIS were evaluated by using linear and logistic regressions adjusted by other co-variates. RESULTS: Participants in the top tertile of the M-DIS had a lower BMD at total femur [ß (95% CI) - 0.02 (- 0.04, - 0.01)], trochanter areas [ß (95% CI) - 0.03 (- 0.05, - 0.01)] and lumbar spine area [ß (95% CI) - 0.03 (- 0.07, 0.01)] (but in the last case, measures were less precise and hence not statistically significant) compared to those in the lower M-DIS tertile. Multiple logistic regression analyses showed that the odds of the total femur and femoral trochanter osteopenia/osteoporosis were higher in participants in the top tertile compared to those in the lowest tertile of M-DIS [OR (95% CI) 1.71 (1.12, 2.64), P for trend 0.015; 2.02 (1.29, 3.21), P for trend 0.002, respectively]. CONCLUSION: A high pro-inflammatory diet, measured by the M-DIS, is associated with lower BMD in a senior Mediterranean population with metabolic syndrome.

[Analysis of bone mineral density in children with celiac disease. Densitometry indications and effect of gluten-free diet]. / Densidad mineral ósea en niños celiacos. Indicaciones de estudio y efecto de la exclusión del gluten de la dieta.

INTRODUCTION: one of the main extradigestive manifestations of celiac disease is the decrease in bone mineral density (BMD). Bone densitometry performed with DXA is the method of choice for BMD assessment. Indications for its use in celiac children are controversial. OBJECTIVE: analyzing BMD and various clinical-analytical variables in celiac children when diagnosed and after a gluten-free diet. Define a profile of patients who are more likely to present BMD involvement based on several individual characteristics, to perform DXA indications. METHODS: study performed in 24 celiac children (12 boys) (age: 8.7 ± 3.3 years). Their BMD was determined at diagnosis and after a gluten-free diet using DXA. The BMD was compared in each patient in the two moments of the study and at the moment of diagnosis between groups of patients stratified according to severity criteria dependent on clinical, analytical and histological variables. RESULTS: BMD was normal in all patients studied at the time of diagnosis and after treatment, with no difference between the two moments of the analysis. Children who presented symptomatology when diagnosed with celiac disease had lower spine and femur BMD than asymptomatic ones. The calcemia had an inverse correlation with the time of evolution of the disease before its diagnosis. CONCLUSIONS: in general, in our setting, the study of bone mineralization in celiac children is not indicated, unless there has been a prolonged clinical course before diagnosis.

[Evaluation of coordination and balance in preterm children]. / Valoración de la coordinación y el equilibrio en niños prematuros.

INTRODUCTION: Recent studies show that many preterm children without apparent neurological sequelae present some difficulties in different areas, such as coordination or balance during their school years. The Movement Assessment Battery for Children-2 (MABC-2) has demonstrated to be a useful tool to validate the coordination, while the stabilometric platform was the reference standard test for validating the balance. PATIENTS AND METHOD: Case-control study carried out on preterm children from 7 to 10 years old and healthy term infant controls of the same ages. The same age band of MABC-2 was applied and the static balance by the stabilometric platform was analysed. RESULTS: A total of 89 subjects were included, 30 preterm children≤1,500g birthweight, 29 preterm children>1,500g birthweight, and 30 controls. Preterm children obtained the lowest scores on an overall basis in hand dexterity and balance tests in MABC-2, regardless of their birthweight. Lower gestational age was associated with poorer outcomes in hand dexterity and total scores in MABC-2. Balance results were similar using the stabilometric platform, regardless of prematurity. CONCLUSIONS: A little more than 10% preterm and term children could have coordination disorders or be at risk of developing them using the MABC-2. Despite the visual-motor coordination being similar, preterm children could face greater difficulties in hand dexterity while, in the absence of neurological comorbidity, preterm and term children balance could be comparable.

[METHODS OF EVALUATION OF MUSCLE MASS: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW OF RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIALS]. / MÉTODOS DE EVALUACIÓN DE LA MASA MUSCULAR: UNA REVISIÓN SISTEMÁTICA DE ENSAYOS CONTROLADOS ALEATORIOS.

INTRODUCTION: in recent years, research about muscle mass has gained popularity for their relationship to health. Thus precise measurement of muscle mass may have clinical application once may interfere with the diagnosis and prescription drug or drug treatment. OBJECTIVE: to conduct a systematic review of the methods most used for evaluation of muscle mass in randomized controlled trials, with its advantages and disadvantages. METHODS: we conducted a search of the data bases Pub- Med, Web of Science and Scopus, with words "muscle mass", "measurement", "assessment" and "evaluation", combined in this way: "muscle mass" AND (assessment OR measurement OR evaluation). RESULTS: 23 studies were recovered and analyzed, all in English. 69.56% only used a method for quantification of muscle mass; 69.57% used dual X-ray absorptiometry (DXA); in 45.46% the type of measure used was the body lean mass; and 51.61% chose the whole body as a site of measurement. CONCLUSIONS: in the randomized controlled trials analyzed the majority used just one method of assessment, with the DXA being the method most used, the body lean mass the measurement type most used and total body the most common site of measure.

Introducción: en los últimos años las investigaciones sobre la masa muscular han cobrado popularidad por su relación con la salud. Así, la medición precisa de la masa muscular puede tener aplicación clínica, ya que puede interferir en el diagnóstico y prescripción del tratamiento medicamentoso o no medicamentoso. Objetivo: realizar una revisión sistemática de los métodos más utilizados para la evaluación de la masa muscular en ensayos controlados aleatorios, con sus ventajas y desventajas. Método: se llevó a cabo una búsqueda en las bases de datos Pubmed, Web of Science y Scopus, con las palabras muscle mass, measurement, assessment y evaluation, combinadas de esta manera: "muscle mass" AND (measurement OR assessment OR evaluation). Resultados: 23 estudios fueron recuperados y analizados, todos ellos en inglés. El 69,56% utilizaron solamente un método para la cuantificación de la masa muscular; el 69,57% utilizaron la doble absorciometría de rayos X (DXA); en el 45,46% el tipo de medida utilizado fue la masa corporal total libre de grasa; y el 51,61% eligieron el cuerpo total como sitio de medida. Conclusiones: en los ensayos controlados aleatorios analizados la mayor parte utilizó apenas un método de evaluación, siendo la DXA el método más empleado, la masa corporal total libre de grasa el tipo de medida más utilizado y el cuerpo total el sitio de medida más común.

Sarcopenia in community-dwelling persons over 60 years of age from a northern spanish city: relationship between diagnostic criteria and association with the functional performance.

INTRODUCTION: Sarcopenia is a recognized problem in older people. Currently, its diagnosis goes beyond a simple loss of muscle mass. The aim of this study was to determine the frequency of sarcopenia, defined by the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People (EWGSOP), in independent persons over 60 years of age from a northern Spanish city. In addition, this study compared the diagnostic criteria for sarcopenia and assessed the differences in functional performance according to them. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was carried out on 258 members of community centers of both genders. Body composition was assessed with dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Appendicular lean mass index (App LMI), hand grip strength (HGS), and 8 foot up-and-go test (8f-UG) were used to diagnose sarcopenia. RESULTS: The frequency of sarcopenia was 2.4% (n=6). In women, the App LMI was correlated with HGS (r= 0.164, p<0.05) and 8f­UG (r= -0.167, p<0.05), while in men, the App LMI was correlated with HGS (r=0.241, p<0.05) but not with 8f­UG (r= -0.173, p=0.117). The subjects with low HGS and low performance in the 8f­UG presented lower values in other functional outcomes than people with low App LMI (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Using the EWGSOP definition, the frequency of sarcopenia was low in a group of individuals over 60 years of age from a northern Spanish city. In clinical practice, greater emphasis should be placed on the decrease in muscle strength and functional performance rather than on low muscle mass alone.

Introducción: La sarcopenia es un problema reconocido en la personas mayores. Actualmente, su diagnóstico va más allá de una simple pérdida de la masa muscular. El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar la frecuencia de sarcopenia definida por el European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People (EWGSOP), en personas mayores de 60 años con vida independiente de una ciudad del norte de España. Además, el estudio comparó los criterios diagnósticos para sarcopenia y evaluó las diferencias en el rendimiento funcional de acuerdo a ellos. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio transversal con 258 personas de ambos géneros, pertenecientes a centros comunitarios. La composición corporal se evaluó con absorciometría dual por rayos-X. El índice de masa magra apendicular (IMMA), la fuerza de prensión manual (FPM) y el 8 foot up­and­go test (8f­UG) fueron empleados para el diagnóstico de sarcopenia. Resultados: La frecuencia de sarcopenia fue de 2.4% (n=6). En las mujeres, el IMMA se correlacionó con el FPM (r= 0.164, p.

Effects of a resistance training program and subsequent detraining on muscle strength and muscle power in multiple sclerosis patients.

BACKGROUND: Although resistance training adaptations in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients have been described, the detraining response in this population is largely unknown. OBJECTIVE: [corrected] This study was designed to evaluate the effects of a 12-week detraining period on muscle strength (isometric and endurance) and muscle power of multiple sclerosis (MS) patients that had previously carried out a 12-week resistance training program (RTP). METHODS: Forty-two MS patients were randomly assigned into two groups: an exercise group (EG) that performed a 12-week RTP for the knee extensors muscles; and a control group (CG), that did not perform any specific training. Knee extension maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC), muscle power and muscle endurance were evaluated before and after the RTP, as well as 12 weeks after training completion. A strain gauge was used to measure the maximal voluntary isometric contraction and muscle power was assessed with a linear encoder. Muscle endurance was interpreted as the number of repetitions that a patient could perform in a single set of knee extension exercise. RESULTS: The EG increased MVIC and muscle power after the training period, although the training did not affect muscle endurance. After 12 weeks of detraining, MVIC returned to pre-training values but muscle power was still greater than pre-training values in the EG. The CG did not present any change in the variables measured during the intervention. CONCLUSIONS: A 12-week RTP improved MVIC and muscle power in MS patients. Additionally, 12 weeks of detraining blunted strength training adaptations in MS patients, although muscle power training adaptations were still evident after the detraining period.

[Are antioxidant supplements effective in reducing delayed onset muscle soreness? A systematic review]. / ¿Son efectivos los suplementos antioxidantes en la disminución del dolor muscular tardío? Una revisión sistemática.

INTRODUCTION: In recent years, antioxidant supplements have become popular to counter the effects of free radicals and muscle damage symptoms, including delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS). AIM: To conduct a systematic review in different databases to determine the effects of antioxidant supplements on DOMS. METHODS: We conducted a search in databases; Cochrane, Pubmed, Scopus and SportDiscus and Web of Science (WOS). The words and acronyms used were; Delayed onset muscle soreness, exercise induced muscle damage, DOMS, EIMD, antioxidant and oxidative stress. RESULTS: 54 articles were identified of which 48 were retreived, all in English, 17 related to vitamin C and E, supplements polyphenolic correspond to fourteen, eleven other antioxidant supplements and six to commercial supplements, all of them used to diminish the DOMS and other variables. CONCLUSIONS: Both vitamins and commercial supplements have low effectiveness in reducing DOMS, while polyphenols and other antioxidant supplements show moderate to good effectiveness in combating DOMS. However, most of the studies have effectiveness in reducing other symptoms of muscle damage besides helping in the post-exercise recovery.

Introducción: En los últimos años los suplementos antioxidantes han cobrado popularidad para contrarrestar los efectos de los radicales libres y los síntomas del daño muscular, entre los que se encuentra el dolor muscular tardío (DMT). Objetivo: realizar una revisión sistemática en diferentes bases de datos para conocer los efectos de los suplementos antioxidantes sobre el DMT. Método: Se llevó a cabo una búsqueda en las bases de datos; Cochrane Library, Pubmed, Scopus y SportDiscus y la Web Of Science (WOS). Las palabras y acrónimos usados fueron; Delayed onset muscle soreness, exercise induced muscle damage, DOMS, EIMD, antioxidant y oxidative stress. Resultados: Se identificaron 54 artículos de los cuales se recuperaron 48, todos ellos en inglés, 17 relacionados con la vitamina C y E, catorce corresponden a suplementos polifenòlicos, once a otros suplementos antioxidantes y seis a suplementos comerciales todos ellos usados para combatir, entre otras variables, el DMT. Conclusiones: Tanto las vitaminas como los suplementos comerciales presentan baja efectividad en la disminución del DMT, mientras que los polifenoles y otros suplementos antioxidantes muestran entre moderada y buena efectividad en el combate al DMT. Sin embargo, gran parte de los estudios presentan efectividad en la disminución de otros síntomas del daño muscular además de ayudar en la recuperación postejercicio.

Cáncer de mama y ejercicio físico: revisión / Breast cancer and physical exercise: review / Câncer de mama e exercício fisico: revisão

La prescripción de actividad física para las sobrevivientes de cáncer de mama depende de la evidencia que se pueda obtener del impacto fisiológico, psicológico y biológico del ejercicio físico sobre la disminución del riesgo recidiva. Objetivos: el propósito de este artículo es revisar los diferentes estudios publicados sobre el impacto del ejercicio en pacientes con cáncer de mama, que finalizaron el tratamiento de quimio y/o radioterapia con el fin de identificar la intensidad, frecuencia, tiempo de intervención, duración de las sesiones, tipo de trabajo realizado y las diferentes variables evaluadas. Método: se desarrolló una revisión de los estudios experimentales publicados sobre este tema desde 1995, se incluyeron 27 estudios y se examinó frecuencia, intensidad, duración de las sesiones, tiempo de intervención y efectos de la actividad física sobre las variables de control utilizadas. Resultados: siete estudios (58%) desarrollaron el programa de ejercicio durante un período de 24 semanas, seis (50%) platearon realizaron 3 sesiones por semana, en cinco (41%) la duración de las sesiones eran de 30 minutos, tres (25%) implementaron una intensidad 50-80% de la FC máx. Seis estudios (50%) evaluaron el IMC, el porcentaje de masa grasa y la calidad de vida, cinco (41%) evaluaron el VO2 máx., y dos (16%) utilizaron marcadores tumorales. Conclusiones: no se pudo establecer cuál es la intensidad, volumen, frecuencia y tiempo de duración que tiene un mejor impacto fisiológico en pacientes sobrevivientes al cáncer de mama. De igual forma, no se estableció el impacto de la actividad física sobre los biomarcadores

The prescription of physical activity for breast cancer survivors depends on the evidence that can be obtained as well as on the physiological, psychological and biological impact that physical activity may have in the reduction of relapse risk. Objectives: the purpose of this article is to review the different studies that have been published on the effect of exercise in breast cancer patients who had finished their radiation therapy and chemotherapy treatment to identify the intensity, frequency, duration of the exercise program, duration of the exercise sessions, type of physical activity and the different variables evaluated. Methods: a review of the experimental studies on this subject published from 1995 was conducted, 27 studies were included and the duration, frequency, intensity, duration of exercise sessions, intervention time and effects were examined. Results: seven studies (58%) conducted 24 week exercise programs, six studies (50%) proposed 3 exercise sessions per week, the exercise sessions of five (41%) studies lasted 30 minutes and the intensity of three studies (25%) was 50-80% of the MHR. Six studies (50%) evaluated the BMI, the body fat percentage and the quality of life, five studies (41%) evaluated the VO2 max., and two studies (16%) used tumor markers. Conclusions: the intensity, volume, frequency and duration with the best physiological impact on breast cancer survivors could not be determined. Likewise, the impact of physical activity on tumor markers was not established.

A prescrição de atividade física para as sobreviventes ao câncer de mama depende da evidencia que se pode obter do impacto fisiológico, psicológico e biológico do exercício físico sobre a diminuição do risco recidiva. Objetivos: O propósito deste artigo é revisar os diferentes estudos publicados sobre o impacto do exercício em pacientes com câncer de mama, que finalizaram o tratamento de quimioterapia e/ou radioterapia com o fim de identificar a intensidade, frequência, tempo de intervenção, duração das sessões, tipo de trabalho realizado e as diferentes variáveis avaliadas. Método: se desenvolveu uma revisão dos estudos experimentais publicados sobre este tema desde 1995, incluíram se 27 estudos e se examinou com frequência, intensidade, duração das sessões, tempo de intervenção e efeitos da atividade física sobre as variáveis de controle utilizadas. Resultados: Sete estudos (58%) desenvolveram o programa de exercício durante um período de 24 semanas, seis (50%) estabeleceram, realizaram 3 sessões por semana, em cinco (41%) a duração das sessões eram de 30 minutos, três (25%) implementaram uma intensidade 50-80% da FC Max. Seis estudos (50%) avaliaram o IMC, a porcentagem de massa grassa e a qualidade de vida, cinco (41%) avaliaram o VO2 máx., e dois (16%) utilizaram marcadores tumorais. Conclusões: Não se pôde estabelecer qual é a intensidade, volumem frequência e tempo de duração que tem um melhor impacto fisiológico em pacientes sobreviventes ao câncer de mama. De igual forma, não se estabeleceu o impacto da atividade física sobre os biomarcadores

The ACTN3 genotype in soccer players in response to acute eccentric training.

Genetic factors can interfere with sporting performance. The identification of genetic predisposition of soccer players brings important information to trainers and coaches for individual training loads adjustment. Different responses to eccentric training could be observed by the genotype referred to as α-actinin-3 (ACTN3) in biomarkers of muscle damage, hormones and inflammatory responses. The aim of this study was to compare acute inflammatory responses, muscle damage and hormonal variations according to the eccentric training in soccer professional athletes with different genetic profiles of ACTN3 (XX, RX and RR). 37 soccer professional athletes (9 XX, 13 RX, 15 RR) were randomly divided into five stations associated to eccentric muscle contraction and plyometrics. Blood samples were taken from athletes pre-eccentric training, immediately after (post), 2- and 4-h post-eccentric training to determine hormone responses (cortisol and testosterone), muscle damage (CK and α-actin), and inflammatory responses (IL-6). After eccentric training, athletes XX presented higher levels for CK (4-h post), α-actin (post and 2-h post) and cortisol (post) compared to RR and RX athletes. However, RR and RX athletes presented higher levels of testosterone (post) and IL-6 (2 h post and 4 h post) compared to athletes XX. The main conclusion of this study is that professional soccer athletes homozygous to ACTN3XX gene are more susceptible to eccentric damage and present a higher catabolic state, demonstrated by metabolic, hormonal and immune responses post an eccentric training, in comparison to ACTN3RR and ACTN3RX groups.