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1.
J Musculoskelet Neuronal Interact ; 18(2): 215-226, 2018 06 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29855444

RESUMO

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the effect of high intensity training (HIT) on physical fitness, basal respiratory exchange ratio (bRER), insulin sensitivity and muscle histology in overweight/obese men compared to continuous aerobic training (CAT). MATERIAL AND METHODS: 16 male participants with overweight/obesity (age: 42-57 years, body mass index: 28-36 kg/m2) were randomized to HIT (n=8) or CAT (n=8) for 10 weeks, twice a week. HIT was composed of 10 minutes high intensity, 10 minutes continuous aerobic, 10 minutes high intensity exercises. CAT was composed of three times 10 minutes continuous exercising. Changes in anthropometry, physical and metabolic fitness were evaluated. Muscle histology (mitochondria and lipid content) was evaluated by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). RESULTS: HIT showed a significant increase for peak VO2 (P=0.01), for insulin sensitivity (AUC glucose (P<0,001), AUC insulin (P<0,001), OGTT composite score (P=0.007)) and a significant decrease of bRER (P<0.001) compared to CAT. Muscle mitochondrial content was significantly increased after HIT at the subsarcolemmal (P=0.004 number and P=0.001 surface) as well as the intermyofibrillar site (P<0.001 number and P=0.001 surface). CONCLUSION: High intensity training elicits stronger beneficial effects on physical fitness, basal RER, insulin sensitivity, and muscle mitochondrial content, as compared to continuous aerobic training.


Assuntos
Treino Aeróbico , Treinamento Intervalado de Alta Intensidade , Resistência à Insulina/fisiologia , Mitocôndrias Musculares/fisiologia , Sobrepeso/fisiopatologia , Aptidão Física/fisiologia , Adulto , Composição Corporal/fisiologia , Índice de Massa Corporal , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Obesidade/fisiopatologia , Consumo de Oxigênio
2.
Sports Med ; 47(3): 415-428, 2017 Mar.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27459862

RESUMO

Exercise training intervention is a cornerstone in the care of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and insulin resistance (IR), and it is pursued in order to optimize exercise interventions for these patients. In this regard, the nutritional state of patients during exercise (being in the fed or fasted state) can be of particular interest. The aim of the present review is to describe the impact of endurance exercise (training) in the fasted versus fed state on parameters of muscle biochemistry and metabolism linked to glycemic control or insulin sensitivity in healthy subjects. From these data it can then be deduced whether exercise training in the fasted state may be relevant to patients with T2DM or IR. In healthy subjects, acute endurance exercise in the fasted state is accompanied by lower blood insulin and elevated blood free fatty acid concentrations, stable blood glucose concentrations (in the first 60-90 min), superior intramyocellular triacylglycerol oxidation and whole-body lipolysis, and muscle glycogen preservation. Long-term exercise training in the fasted state in healthy subjects is associated with greater improvements in insulin sensitivity, basal muscle fat uptake capacity, and oxidation. Therefore, promising results of exercise (training) in the fasted state have been found in healthy subjects on parameters of muscle biochemistry and metabolism linked to insulin sensitivity and glycemic control. Whether exercise training intervention in which exercise sessions are organized in the fasted state may be more effective in improving insulin sensitivity or glycemic control in T2DM patients and insulin-resistant individuals warrants investigation.


Assuntos
Glicemia/análise , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/terapia , Exercício Físico/fisiologia , Jejum/fisiologia , Resistência à Insulina/fisiologia , Treinamento Resistido , Voluntários Saudáveis , Humanos , Insulina , Músculo Esquelético/metabolismo , Resistência Física/fisiologia
3.
Lymphat Res Biol ; 14(3): 127-33, 2016 09.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27631582

RESUMO

Too often, in clinical settings, the diagnosis and evolution of lymphedema is determined by limb circumference measurements and/or volume calculations. Besides the unrecognition of small lymphedemas, these techniques provide little to no information concerning the stage of the lymphedema. This latter is important in choosing appropriate treatment modalities and making an accurate prognosis. Different imaging techniques are described in literature giving insights in tissue changes due to lymphedema. The aim of this article is giving an overview of possible texture changes linked to the different edema stages, visualized with noninvasive imaging procedures like ultrasonography, computed tomography, dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry, or magnetic resonance imaging.


Assuntos
Diagnóstico por Imagem/métodos , Diagnóstico por Imagem/estatística & dados numéricos , Linfedema/diagnóstico por imagem , Linfedema/patologia , Humanos
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