Adaptabilidad de hídridos de maíz dulce al almacenamiento como granos enteros congelados / Adaptability of whole kernels of sweet corn hydrids to fronzen processing

Esta investigación se realizó con la finalidad de evaluar la adaptabilidad de tres híbridos de maíz dulce (su), cultivados en Venezuela, al procesamiento industrial como granos enteros congelados. Los híbridos (su) 2038, 2010, 2004 y el Bonanza, usado como patrón, fueron desgranados y los granos congelados criogénicamente a -95°C por 7min y almacenados a -18°C. Después del proceso de congelación, al producto le fue evaluado el rendimiento industrial, así como las características químicas, microbiológicas y sensoriales a los 45 y 90 días de almacenamiento. Los resultados revelaron un rendimiento promedio de 33,19 por ciento, valor ligeramente superior al que maneja la industria para este tipo de producto (26-30 por ciento), utilizando el híbrido Bonanza. Además, los granos congelados de los híbridos estudiados presentaron características químicas, microbiológicas y sensoriales que indicaron su aceptabilidad y una adecuada estabilidad durante el almacenamiento en congelación, destacándose el híbrido 2038.

[Adaptability of sweet corn ears to a frozen process]. / Adaptabilidad de híbridos de maíz dulce a la congelación en mazorcas.

The effects of frozen condition on the quality of three sweet corn ears (2038, 2010, 2004) and the pattern (Bonanza), were evaluated. Biometrics characteristics like ear size, ear diameter, row and kernel deep were measured as well as chemical and physical measurement in fresh and frozen states. The corn ears were frozen at -95 degrees C by 7 minutes. The yield and stability of the frozen ears were evaluated at 45 and 90 days of frozen storage (-18 degrees C). The average commercial yield as frozen corn ear for all the hybrids was 54.2%. The industry has a similar value range of 48% to 54%. The ear size average was 21.57 cm, row number was 15, ear diameter 45.54 mm and the kernel corn deep was 8.57 mm. All these measurements were found not different from commercial values found for the industry. All corn samples evaluated showed good stability despites the frozen processing and storage. Hybrid 2038 ranked higher in quality.

[Super sweet corn hybrids adaptability for industrial processing. I freezing]. / Adaptabilidad de mazorcas de híbridos de maíz super dulce al procesamiento industrial. I congelación.

With the purpose of evaluating adaptability to the freezing process of super sweet corn sh2 hybrids Krispy King, Victor and 324, 100 cobs of each type were frozen at -18 degrees C. After 120 days of storage, their chemical, microbiological and sensorial characteristics were compared with a sweet corn su. Industrial quality of the process of freezing and length and number of rows in cobs were also determined. Results revealed yields above 60% in frozen corns. Length and number of rows in cobs were acceptable. Most of the chemical characteristics of super sweet hybrids were not different from the sweet corn assayed at the 5% significance level. Moisture content and soluble solids of hybrid Victor, as well as total sugars of hybrid 324 were statistically different. All sh2 corns had higher pH values. During freezing, soluble solids concentration, sugars and acids decreased whereas pH increased. Frozen cobs exhibited acceptable microbiological rank, with low activities of mesophiles and total coliforms, absence of psychrophiles and fecal coliforms, and an appreciable amount of molds. In conclusion, sh2 hybrids adapted with no problems to the freezing process, they had lower contents of soluble solids and higher contents of total sugars, which almost doubled the amount of su corn; flavor, texture, sweetness and appearance of kernels were also better. Hybrid Victor was preferred by the evaluating panel and had an outstanding performance due to its yield and sensorial characteristics.

[Super sweet corn hybrid sh2 adaptability for industrial canning process]. / Adaptabilidad de granos de híbridos de maíz super dulce sh2 al procesamiento industrial. II Enlatado.

The super sweet corns Krispy king, Victor and 324 (sh2 hybrids) were evaluated to determine their adaptabilities to the industrial canning process as whole kernels. All these hybrids and Bonanza (control) were sown in San Joaquín (Carabobo, Venezuela), harvested and canned. After 110 days storage at room temperature they were analyzed to be compared physically, chemically and sensorially with Bonanza hybrid. Results did not show significant differences among most of the physical characteristics, except for percentage of broken kernels which was higher in 324 hybrid. Chemical parameters showed significant differences (P < 0.05) comparing each super sweet hybrid with Bonanza. The super sweet hybrids presented a higher sugar content and soluble solid of the brine than Bonanza, also a lower pH. The super sweet whole kernel presented a lower soluble solids content than Bonanza but they were not significant (Krispy king and 324). Appearance, odor and overall quality were the same for super sweet hybrids and Bonanza (su). Color, flavor and sweetness were better for 324 than all the other hybrids. Super sweet hybrids presented a very good adaptation to the canning process, having as an advantage that doesn't require sugar addition in the brine and a very good texture (firm and crispy).