Pre-induction cervical ripening with different initial doses of intravaginal misoprostol: time to delivery and peri-natal outcomes.

From 2016 to 2018, a total of 300 pregnant women underwent induction of labour. Those women were allocated in two groups according to the initial dose of misoprostol. Group I (150 women) received intravaginally 50 µg misoprostol followed by 25 µg every four hours, up to a maximum of four doses whereas in group II (150 women) the initial dose was 25 µg intravaginal followed by the same dose every four hours up to a maximum of four doses. Women with previous uterine scar, abnormal foetal heart rate, severe foetal malformation, foetal growth restriction or multiple pregnancy were excluded. The aim of study was to compare the effectiveness (hours until delivery) and perinatal outcomes of both schemes of cervical ripening. Initial doses of 50 µg of misoprostol reduced the time until delivery (17.65 ± 8.2 hours vs. 20.85 ± 9.3 hours; p=.007) and the need of oxytocin (34.6% vs. 46.67%; p=.046), compared to the use of 25 µg misoprostol in all doses. No differences were observed regarding perinatal outcomes.In conclusion, starting with 50 µg of misoprostol in the first dose reduced time to vaginal delivery and decreased the use of oxytocin without worse perinatal outcomes.Impact StatementWhat is already known on this subject? The rate of labour induction is increasing. Mechanical and medical methods try to establish the active phase of labour as quickly and safely as possible. For this reason, there are numerous studies assessing different protocols, dosages and indications.What do the results of this study add? Despite the numerous studies, due to ethical restrictions, it is difficult to carry out prospective studies. For this reason, studies like this help to establish the most appropriate dose of misoprostol in two of the most common indications for induction of labour. We demonstrated that increasing initial doses up to 50 mg of misoprostol are safer and more effective.What are the implications of these findings for clinical practice and/or further research? This study could be useful for future prospective and randomised studies as well for including these data in a meta-analysis. In addition, these results may update the clinical protocols and reduce hospital stay without worse perinatal outcomes.

Vaginal birth after caesarean section before and during COVID-19 pandemic. Factors associated with successful vaginal birth.

BACKGROUND: The ratio of caesarean has been increasing considerably in many countries. Planning a vaginal birth after a previous caesarean is considered an important option for women in a subsequent pregnancy. AIMS: To analyse obstetric and neonatal outcomes in women in labour after caesarean section before and during the COVID-19 pandemic, and to determine factors associated with successful vaginal birth after caesarean (VBAC). METHODS: Observational cohort study of women in labour with history of caesarean section who gave birth between March 2019 and December 2020 in a tertiary hospital in southern Spain. Consecutive sampling was performed using the maternal birth database and a descriptive and inferential analysis of the study variables was carried out. Socio-demographic, obstetric and neonatal variables were compared between the pre-pandemic and pandemic periods. Multiple logistic regression analysis was performed to determine variables associated with VBAC success. FINDINGS: The VBAC success rate was 67.4%. The caesarean section rate was significantly higher during the COVID-19 pandemic period. Factors associated with VBAC success were: birth before the pandemic (OR 0.32) and at night (OR 0.45), use of epidural analgesia (OR 2.14), and having had a previous vaginal birth (OR 1.98). CONCLUSIONS: The success rate of VBAC was lower during the pandemic. Knowledge of the factors related to VBAC success is critical for practitioners when supporting women in decision-making about mode of birth after a previous caesarean section.

Influence of the proline metabolism and glycine betaine on tolerance to salt stress in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) commercial genotypes.

Tomato is the crop with the greatest economic importance in the world and salinity stress causes a reduction in the quantity and quality of crop production. The objective of this work is to verify if the accumulation of proline and glycine betaine (GB) and their metabolisms improve tolerance to salt stress. Two commercial genotypes of Solanum Lycopersicum L., Grand Brix and Marmande RAF were used for this work. The analyzed parameters were growth parameters, proline concentration and its metabolism, GB and its above betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase (BADH) synthesis and some related amino acids. Saline stress reduced biomass and relative growth rate (RGR) in both genotypes, this effect being greater in Marmande RAF. These results, together with the proline accumulation indicate that Grand Brix is more tolerant to saline stress. The proline increase in Grand Brix came by the ornithine pathway, leaving the glutamate pathway repressed. On the other hand, it was found in both genotypes a BADH and GB decreases as a salinity tolerance mechanism. We propose that, unlike proline, GB synthesis can produce H2O2 thereby, GB not act as compatible solute and salt tolerance does not improve.