Styrene oxide adducts in an oligodeoxynucleotide containing the human N-ras codon 12: minor groove structures of the R(12,1)- and S(12,1)-alpha-(N2-guanyl) stereoisomers determined by 1H nuclear magnetic resonance.

The R- and S-alpha-(N2-guanyl)styrene oxide (SO) adducts at X5 in d(G1G2C3A4X5G6T7G8G9T10G11).d(C12A13C14C15A16C17C18T19G20C21C22 ), encompassing codon 12 of the human N-ras protooncogene (underlined), were examined using 1H NMR spectroscopy. These were the R(12,1) and S(12,1) adducts, indicating the location of the R or S adduct at the first position of codon 12. These differed from the R- and S(12, 2)-alpha-SO adducts [Zegar, I. S., Setayesh, F. R., DeCorte, B. L., Harris, C. M., Harris, T. M., and Stone, M. P. (1996) Biochemistry 35, 4334-4348] in that the base pair 5' to the lesion was changed from G.C to A.T, while the base pair 3' to the lesion was changed from T.A to G.C. Comparison of the R- and S(12,1) adducts with the R- and S(12,2) adducts allowed the effects of flanking bases on the conformations of the alpha-SO adducts to be examined. This change in flanking base affected the R-SO lesion. The R(12,1) adduct structure was disordered at the adduct site, and a refined structure could not be obtained. NOE and chemical shift data suggested that the styrenyl moiety was oriented in the minor groove and in the 3'-direction from the site of adduction. In contrast, this change in flanking base did not affect the S-SO lesion. The S(12,1) adduct yielded a refined structure, with the styrenyl moiety edgewise in the minor groove and oriented in the 5'-direction relative to the site of adduction. A total of 232 interproton distances, including 13 styrene-DNA distances, were obtained. A total of 12 NOE-restrained molecular dynamics calculations converged with pairwise root-mean-square deviation of 1.10 A. The sixth-root residual index between calculated and experimental NOE intensities was 8.0 x 10(-)2 A. The styrene aromatic protons appeared as three resonances, suggesting rapid rotation. The possibility of a hydrogen bond between the styrene hydroxyl and C18 O2 in the S(12,1) adduct could not be confirmed. This work illustrates the dual roles of stereochemistry and sequence in modulating the properties of guanine N2 alpha-SO adducts.

Styrene oxide adducts in an oligodeoxynucleotide containing the human N-ras codon 12 sequence: structural refinement of the minor groove R(12,2)- and S(12,2)-alpha-(N2-guanyl) stereoisomers from 1H NMR.

The structures of the (R)- and (S)-alpha-(N2-guanyl)styrene oxide adducts at X6 in d(GGCAGXTGGTG).d(CACCACCTGCC), encompassing codon 12 of the human n-ras protooncogene (underlined), were refined from 1H NMR data. These were the R(12,2) and S(12,2) adducts. For the R(12,2) adduct, upfield chemical shifts were observed for the T7 H6, H1', and N3H resonances. At 30 degrees C, R-SOG 6 N1H, T7 N3H, and T10 N3H disappeared due to exchange with solvent. For the S(12,2) adduct, S-SOG6 H1' shifted upfield 0.33 ppm, but all imino resonances were observed. The styrene methylene protons were nonequivalent for both adducts, suggesting hydrogen bonding between the hydroxyl and C18 O2 or O4' in the R(12,2) adduct and C17 O2 in the S(12,2) adduct. The styrene aromatic protons appeared as three signals in the R(12,2) adduct and as two signals in the S(12,2) adduct, suggesting rapid rotation of the styrene ring on the NMR time scale. NOE data revealed that the phenyl ring was oriented in the 3'-direction relative to R-SOG6 for the R(12,2) adduct and in the 5'-direction relative to S-SOG6 for the S(12,2) adduct. A total of 253 and 221 interproton distances were obtained from relaxation matrix analyses of the R(12,2) and S(12,2) adducts, respectively. NOE-restrained molecular dynamics calculations converged with root mean square deviations of 0.8-1.2 A for the R(12,2) adduct and 0.82-1.4 A for the S(12,2) adduct. Complete relaxation matrix analyses of the nine inner base pairs yielded sixth root residual indices between calculated and experimental NOE intensities of 8.8 x 10(-2) for the R(12,2) adduct and 7.9 x 10(-2) for the S(12,2) adduct. The refined structure for the R(12,2) adduct showed a 0.4 A increase in the stretch of R-SOG6.C17 and T7.A16, and a 1-2 A widening of the minor groove at and adjacent to the SO lesion, with the styrene ring oriented edgewise in the minor groove. Smaller minor groove disturbances were observed for the S(12,2) adduct, which had the styrene ring oriented flat in the minor groove. No DNA bending was predicted by the calculated structures.

Improved strategies for postoligomerization synthesis of oligodeoxynucleotides bearing structurally defined adducts at the N2 position of deoxyguanosine.

Improved methodology has been developed for preparation of oligodeoxynucleotides bearing adducts on the N2 position of guanine in which the adduction reaction is carried out in homogeneous solution rather than while the oligonucleotide is immobilized on a solid matrix. The methodology utilizes a new synthon, 2-fluoro-O6-(trimethylsilylethyl)-2'-deoxyinosine (3). Nucleoside 3 is stable to the conditions of oligonucleotide synthesis, but the O6 protection is eliminated under very mild conditions following displacement of the 2-fluoro group by amine nucleophiles. Oligonucleotides containing 3 could be removed from the solid support by treatment with 0.1 M NaOH (8 h, rt) without disruption of 3. Reaction of the crude, partially deprotected oligonucleotide with (R)-2-amino-2-phenylethanol in homogeneous solution, followed by removal of the remaining protective groups with NH4OH (60 degrees C, 8 h) and then 0.1% acetic acid, gave the adducted oligonucleotide in good purity and yield. Alternatively, fully deprotected oligonucleotide containing 3 could be prepared by use of labile phenoxyacetyl-type protecting groups on the exocyclic amino groups.