Links Between Workplace Spirituality, Job-Related Attitudes, and Value Fit in a Non-Profit Agency.

We examined perceptions of spirituality and meaning among 192 employees (77% female) from a non-profit organization in a mid-sized Midwestern city in the United States. We hypothesized that employees' values related to workplace spirituality would be positively related to various measures of job satisfaction and general meaning in life. We also examined employees' perceptions of the fit of their co-workers' values with the agency mission and predicted that these perceptions would act as a moderator of the relationship between employees' workplace spirituality and job satisfaction. Our hypotheses were generally supported. Spirituality predicted work contributing to the meaning of life and various facets of job satisfaction. Implications of the importance of employees' perceptions of organizational fit related to spirituality and the perceived fit of co-workers' values with the organizational mission are discussed.

Frequency rates and correlates of contrapower harassment in higher education.

The current study investigated incivility, sexual harassment, and racial-ethnic harassment simultaneously when the targets were faculty members and the perpetrators were students (i.e., academic contrapower harassment; ACH). The sample constituted 257 faculty members (90% were White and 53% were women) from a medium-sized state university in the Midwestern United States. They completed an anonymous survey, including an openended question about a critical ACH incident. The findings revealed that 72% of the total sample had experienced some type of mistreatment from students during the past 2 years. The author hypothesized gender differences in frequency rates for overall ACH, incivility, and sexual harassment; however, there were none. Hence, this hypothesis was not supported. The author also hypothesized that incivility would predict sexual and ethnic harassment. This hypothesis was generally supported. Furthermore, he hypothesized that demographic, work-related, and tolerance for faculty-student romance would predict ACH and its subscales. The findings generally supported this hypothesis, with somewhat different predictors by gender. He also hypothesized that harassed faculty, especially women, would experience worse job-related outcomes than never harassed faculty. Neither gender nor the interaction was significant, but the main effect for harassment was, with harassed faculty members experiencing worse job-related outcomes than nonharassed faculty members. Thus this hypothesis was partially supported. Practical implications are discussed.

From the kitchen to the bedroom: frequency rates and consequences of sexual harassment among female domestic workers in Brazil.

Sexual harassment has been investigated mostly in developed countries. The authors examined frequency rates and consequences of sexual harassment among female domestic workers in Brazil. Twenty-six percent had been sexually harassed at work during the past year. Live-in workers were at significantly greater risk for experiencing sexual harassment than those residing in their own homes, when controlling for participants' age, race, and social class. Women residing in their employers' residences used more alcohol and drugs than their counterparts. Harassed women had significantly higher self-esteem impairment and anxiety and depression than nonharassed women. Nonharassed women residing in their own homes had the best physical well-being. Concerning participants' worst sexually harassing experiences, the perpetrators were likely to be men (75%), who also engaged in more severe types of sexual harassment than female perpetrators. The emotional reactions to such incidents were significantly more negative when perpetrated by men than by women. Implications for foreign in-home workers employed by Europeans and North Americans are discussed.

International perspectives on sexual harassment of college students: the sounds of silence.

The incidence, psychological dimensions, reporting, and impact of sexual harassment of college students throughout the world are reviewed. Special attention is paid to methodological constraints in conducting cross-cultural research in sexual harassment, including difficulty in securing research participants, different methodologies to collect incidence data, use of retrospective data, and varying, definitions of sexual harassment. Recommendations for implementing intervention programs are offered. The strategies suggested deal with the social causes that maintain the harassment, including renegotiating the balance of power between men and women.

Bullying and sexual harassment among Brazilian high school students.

Bullying and sexual harassment at school have received recent attention in developed countries; however, they have been neglected in Latin America. Thus, the authors investigated these phenomena among 400 Brazilian high school students from two high schools (one private and one public). Analyses using t-tests showed that boys bullied and sexually harassed their peers more often than girls did. Hierarchical multiple regression analyses showed that boys and girls who scored high on general misconduct bullied their peers more often than those who scored low on general misconduct. Boys who believed they would be punished by their teachers for bullying and who scored low on benevolent sexism bullied more often than boys who believed they would not be punished by their teachers and who scored high on benevolent sexism. Moreover, bullying predicted peer sexual harassment for boys and girls. Recommendations to prevent bullying and sexual harassment are offered.

A construcao social dos papeis sexuais femininos

Esta revisao e uma tentativa de produzir uma representacao holistica, mas nao exaustiva, dos papeis sexuais femininos no Brasil. Comecamos tracando o papel historico-politico das mulheres do Brasil Colonial ate o movimento feminista moderno, enfocando tres questoes correntes: planejamento familiar, creches e violencia contra a mulher. A seguir, examinamos as normas culturais do machismo e do marianismo. Finalmente, discutimos os avancos que as mulheres fizeram no Brasil na ultima decada (desde a Constituicao de 1988), chamando a atencao para uma questao que tem sido grandemente ignorada: o assedio sexual.

Comportamento humano numa Vila Global: uma perspectiva pos-moderna (construtiva) sobre psicologia comunitaria do terceiro mundo

Este artigo discute a concepcao da Psicologia, com suas bases positivistas, e instiga os psicologos brasileiros, especialmente os psicologos comunitarios, a examinar seus valores e agir sobre eles para criar uma Psicologia com uma significancia pratica para a cultura brasileira. Especificamente, e sugerido que os pesquisadores brasileiros formem 'colaboracoes horizontais' com agencias nacionais e regionais para trabalhar com problemas praticos em populacoes analfabetas e pobres (rurais e urbanas). Um equilibrio deve ser alcancado entre os seguintes valores, igualmente importantes: respeito e empatia, auto-determinacao, diversidade humana, colaboracao e participacao democratica, e justica distributiva, como descrito por Prilleltensky (1997). Nosso desafio e buscar mudancas estruturais no tecido social se quisermos evitar um futuro catastrofico para a humanidade.

Comportamento humano numa Vila Global: uma perspectiva pós-moderna (construtiva) sobre psicologia comunitária do terceiro mundo / Human behavior in a global village: a (constructive) post-modern perspective on third world community psychology

Este artigo discute a concepçäo da Psicologia, com suas bases positivistas, e instiga os psicólogos brasileiros, especialmente os psicólogos comunitários, a examinar seus valores e agir sobre eles para criar uma Psicologia com uma significância prática para a cultura brasileira. Especificamente, é sugerido que os pesquisadores brasieiros formem "colaboraçöes horizontais" com agências nacionais e regionais para trabalhar com problemas práticos em populaçöes analfabetas e pobres (rurais e urbanas). Um equilíbrio deve ser alcançado entre os seguintes valores, igualmente importantes: respeito e empatia, auto-determinaçäo, diversidade humana, colaboraçäo e participaçäo democrática, e justiça distributiva, como descrito por Prilleltensky (1997). Nosso desafio é buscar mudanças estruturais no tecido social se quisermos evitar um futuro catastrófico para a humanidade

Psicologia comunitaria nos Estados Unidos e na America Latina: implicacoes para o Brasil

Este estudo tem como objetivo definir a Psicologia Comunitaria, apresentar alguns aspectos teoricos, praticos e historicos em diversos paises, bem como fazer sugestoes sobre as possiveis aplicacoes no Brasil. Para o autor, a Psicologia Comunitaria traz uma voz humanitaria nas ciencias comportamentais, tornando saliente o contexto no qual as pessoas vivem. Este estudo faz revisao da origem e do desenvolvimento da Psicologia Comunitaria, nos Estados Unidos e em alguns paises latino-americanos, desde os modelos teoricos utilizados ate as praticas desenvolvidas. O autor sugere que suas colocacoes contribuam para que os psicologos comunitarios possam planejar o futuro de sua profissao de forma significativa e original, de acordo com a realidade brasileira.