RESUMO
Physical inactivity is a major risk-factor of non-communicable diseases. The World Health Organization has set physical activity recommendations for adults to reduce physical inactivity and its consequences. However, 1.4 billion adults are non-adherent to the recommendation worldwide. The prevalence of non-adherence to this recommendation and its predictors has not been assessed in urban Ethiopia. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of non-adherence to physical activity recommendations and identify its associated factors among healthy adults in urban centers of Southwest Ethiopia. A community-based cross-sectional study was employed from May to June 2021, involving 1191 adults in urban centers of Southwest Ethiopia. Data was collected using Global Physical Activity Questionnaire. Multivariable logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with non-adherence to physical activity recommendations using 95% confidence interval of adjusted odds ratio at P-value of < 0.05.Overall, 61.2% of participants were non-adherent to physical activity recommendations. Older age (AOR = 6.6; 95%CI (2.3-19)), female sex (AOR = 6.1; 95%CI (3.5-10.5)), lower educational status (AOR = 0.5; 95%CI (.28-0.93)), less community engagement (AOR = 2.7;95% CI (1.3-5.5)), lower level of happiness (AOR = 4.7; 95%CI (1.3-16.8)) and physical inactivity of family members (AOR = 2.5; 95%CI (1.4-4.3)) were associated with non-adherence. The prevalence of non-adherence to physical activity recommendations in the study area is high. Age, sex, educational status, community engagement, level of happiness and physical inactivity of family members were predictors of non-adherence to the recommendations. Interventions have to target females and older adults. Community participation and family based physical activity have to be advocated to avert the consequences of physical inactivity.
RESUMO
BACKGROUND: Non-communicable diseases are priority global health problems. Smoking, harmful alcohol consumption, physical inactivity, and an unhealthy diet are four behavioral risk factors of these diseases. Studies in Ethiopia have focused on establishing associations between these factors and incommunicable diseases. OBJECTIVE: To assess the prevalence, co-occurrence, and social determinants of behavioral risk factors of non-communicable diseases among adults in urban centers of southwestern Ethiopia. METHODS: This study employed a cross-sectional design. Multistage sampling and the Kish method were used. The WHO's STEPS instrument was used for data collection. Proportions and other descriptive measures are used to describe the data. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression was run to assess associations. Associations between dependent and independent variables were determined using AORs, 95% CIs, and significance level of P=0.05. RESULTS: A total of 1,191 adults participated in the study for a 93.3% response rate. In sum, 4.8% of participants were smokers and 15.6% indulge in harmful drinking. Prevalence of physical inactivity was 60.45%, and 94.8% consumed insufficient fruit and vegetables. Regarding co-occurrence of these factors, 65.5% of participants had two or more behavioral risk factors. Female sex (AOR 3.1, 95% CI 1.8-5.5), no formal employment (AOR 1.9, 95% CI 1.02-3.7), greater wealth (AOR 2.44, 95% CI 1.1-5.1), not having a friend who does physical exercise (AOR 2.7, 95% CI 1.5-4.7), having friends who do not drink (AOR 0.20, 95% CI 0.09-0.44), and participating in community activities (AOR 2.95, 95% CI 1.4-6.0) were associated with co-occurrence of behavioral risk factors of non-communicable diseases. CONCLUSION: The prevalence and co-occurrence of behavioral risk factors of non-communicable diseases in the study area are alarming. Several factors were associated with co-occurrence of these factors. Community-based interventions have to be implemented considering family settings. Special focus has to be given to physical inactivity and fruit and vegetable consumption.
