Cross-Canada differences in early-stage breast cancer treatment and acute-care use.

Background: Chemotherapy has improved outcomes in early-stage breast cancer, but treatment practices vary, and use of acute care is common. We conducted a pan-Canadian study to describe treatment differences and the incidence of emergency department visits (edvs), edvs leading to hospitalization (edvhs), and direct hospitalizations (hs) during adjuvant chemotherapy. Methods: The cohort consisted of women diagnosed with early-stage breast cancer (stages i-iii) during 2007-2012 in British Columbia, Manitoba, Ontario, or Nova Scotia who underwent curative surgery. Parallel provincial analyses were undertaken using linked clinical, registry, and administrative databases. The incidences of edvs, edvhs, and hs in the 6 months after treatment initiation were examined for patients treated with adjuvant chemotherapy. Results: The cohort consisted of 50,224 patients. The proportion of patients who received chemotherapy varied by province, with Ontario having the highest proportion (46.4%), and Nova Scotia, the lowest proportion (38.0%). Age, stage, receptor status, comorbidities, and geographic location were associated with receipt of chemotherapy in all provinces. Ontario had the highest proportion of patients experiencing an edv (36.1%), but the lowest proportion experiencing h (6.4%). Conversely, British Columbia had the lowest proportion of patients experiencing an edv (16.0%), but the highest proportion experiencing h (26.7%). The proportion of patients having an edvh was similar across provinces (13.9%-16.8%). Geographic location was associated with edvs, edvhs, and hs in all provinces. Conclusions: Intra- and inter-provincial differences in the use of chemotherapy and acute care were observed. Understanding variations in care can help to identify gaps and opportunities for improvement and shared learnings.

Use of physician services during the survivorship phase: a multi-province study of women diagnosed with breast cancer.

INTRODUCTION: Oncologists have traditionally been responsible for providing routine follow-up care for cancer survivors; in recent years, however, primary care providers (pcps) are taking a greater role in care during the follow-up period. In the present study, we used a longitudinal multi-province retrospective cohort study to examine how primary care and specialist care intersect in the delivery of breast cancer follow-up care. METHODS: Various databases (registry, clinical, and administrative) were linked in each of four provinces: British Columbia, Manitoba, Ontario, and Nova Scotia. Population-based cohorts of breast cancer survivors were identified in each province. Physician visits were identified using billings or claims data and were classified as visits to primary care (total, breast cancer-specific, and other), oncology (medical oncology, radiation oncology, and surgery), and other specialties. The mean numbers of visits by physician type and specialty, or by combinations thereof, were examined. The mean numbers of visits for each follow-up year were also examined by physician type. RESULTS: The results showed that many women (>64%) in each province received care from both primary care and oncology providers during the follow-up period. The mean number of breast cancer-specific visits to primary care and visits to oncology declined with each follow-up year. Interprovincial variations were observed, with greater surgeon follow-up in Nova Scotia and greater primary care follow-up in British Columbia. Provincial differences could reflect variations in policies and recommendations, relevant initiatives, and resources or infrastructure to support pcp-led follow-up care. CONCLUSIONS: Optimizing the role of pcps in breast cancer follow-up care might require strategies to change attitudes about pcp-led follow-up and to better support pcps in providing survivorship care.

Cancer incidence, mortality, and stage at diagnosis in First Nations living in Manitoba.

BACKGROUND: In the present study, we examined breast (bca) and colorectal cancer (crc) incidence and mortality and stage at diagnosis for First Nations (fn) individuals and all other Manitobans (aoms). METHODS: Several population-based databases were linked to determine ethnicity and to calculate age-standardized incidence and mortality rates. Logistic regression was used to compare bca and crc stage at diagnosis. RESULTS: From 1984-1988 to 2004-2008, the incidence of bca increased for fn and aom women. Breast cancer mortality increased for fn women and decreased for aom women. First Nations women were significantly more likely than aom women to be diagnosed at stages iii-iv than at stage i [odds ratio (or) for women ≤50 years of age: 3.11; 95% confidence limits (cl): 1.20, 8.06; or for women 50-69 years of age: 1.72; 95% cl: 1.03, 2.88). The incidence and mortality of crc increased for fn individuals, but decreased for aoms. First Nations status was not significantly associated with crc stage at diagnosis (or for stages i-ii compared with stages iii-iv: 0.98; 95% cl: 0.68, 1.41; or for stages i-iii compared with stage iv: 0.91; 95% cl: 0.59, 1.40). CONCLUSIONS: Our results underscore the need for improved cancer screening participation and targeted initiatives that emphasis collaboration with fn communities to reduce barriers to screening and to promote healthy lifestyles.

Satisfaction of women attending the Manitoba breast screening program.

BACKGROUND: This study evaluated the satisfaction of women who attended the Manitoba Breast Screening Program (MBSP) during the first 17 months of operation and examined differences in satisfaction by screening location and screening result. The setting was the province of Manitoba, Canada. METHODS: A breast screening program satisfaction questionnaire comprising six subscales was mailed to 1,331 randomly chosen women in five different categories who attended the MBSP. Four categories were based on location of screen (city of Brandon vs city of Winnipeg) and screen result (normal vs abnormal) and one category comprised women who were screened at a mobile unit. Eighty-eight percent of all questionnaires were returned. Data analyses included analyses of variance to examine the effect of location and result on satisfaction scores and logistic regression to explore the variables associated with reported satisfied and not satisfied responses to each satisfaction subscale. RESULTS: All satisfaction scores were above 80 of 100, indicating high levels of satisfaction. A significant difference in satisfaction scores between women in Winnipeg and women in Brandon was found for the convenience and accessibility (P = 0.0153) and the information transfer subscales (P = 0.0150). A significant difference was found between women with abnormal and women with normal screen results for all subscales (P < 0.01). Women were 4.5 times more likely to be dissatisfied on the general satisfaction subscale if they had an abnormal screen result (95% CI 1.9,10.4). CONCLUSIONS: High levels of satisfaction were reported for all aspects of screening at the MBSP. However, women were less likely to be satisfied with program convenience and accessibility. Women with an abnormal result reported lower levels of satisfaction on all subscales. Some women with an abnormal screening result were confused about what their results meant and why they were sent for additional diagnostic tests. As a result of these findings, numerous changes were made to the MBSP.

Manitoba's population-based databases and long-term planning: beyond the hospital databases.

The Manitoba Centre for Health Policy and Evaluation (MCHPE) conducts health services research focusing on Manitoba's administrative databases. Administrative databases contain information which is routinely and systematically collected for administrative purposes such as hospital and physician claims and funding requirements. This article describes the MCHPE's five major databases, their strengths and limitations, and the development of the Population Health Information System (PHIS). Four modules from PHIS illustrate how the data are used to provide useful information for health care planners, administrators and policy analysts. Finally, future projects and directions for using administrative databases are explored.

The daily intake of 234,235,238U, 228,230,232Th and 226,228Ra by New York City residents.

The daily intake of long-lived alpha-emitting members of the U, Th and Ac series by New York City residents has been estimated from measurements of diet, water and air samples. The total daily intakes from inhalation, food and water consumption in mBq are 18 (234U), 0.7 (235U), 16 (238U), 6 (230Th), 4 (232Th) and 52 (226Ra). From this, we infer that the total daily intakes of 228Th and 228Ra are 4 and 35 mBq, respectively.