[A nutritionally defined liquid diet for hemodialyzed patients]. / Nutricne definovaná tekutá výziva pro hemodialyzované nemocné.

BACKGROUND: For patients having regular haemodialysis there are no suitable complete preparations for general use in case intensive treatment is needed. Nutrilac renal is a new preparation of a nutritionally defined liquid diet corresponding as to its composition to the needs of haemodialyzed patients. The purpose of the present work was to assess whether this preparation when administered as a supplement will have a favourable effect on the nutritional parameters of haemodialyzed patients. METHODS AND RESULTS: Nutrilac renal was administered to haemodialyzed patients for a period of three weeks as a supplement meeting 20% of the energy requirements. The protein intake rose from 0.87 to 0.95 g/kg body weight (p < 0.05), the energy intake from 109 to 126 kJ/kg body weight (p < 0.05). As to nutritional parameters, the serum albumin values improved (from 25.0 to 29.4 g/l, p < 0.05) and Whitehead's quotient from 1.8 to 1.5, p < 0.05). The favourable effect on the amino acid spectrum was manifested by a significant rise of essential amino acids and those with branched side chains (p < 0.01). The preparation did not lead to a rise of potassium, ura and vitamin A levels. CONCLUSIONS: The newly developed preparation Nutrilac renal exerts a favourable effect on nutritional parameters. Changes in the aminogram characterized by an increase of essential amino acids, in particular threonine, valine, leucine and isoleucine indicate the high biological value of the protein component of the preparation for patients with chronic renal failure.

[A Czechoslovak low-energy protein diet in the treatment of obesity]. / Ceskoslovenská nízkoenergetická bílkovinná dieta v lécbe otylosti.

The low-energy protein diet providing 1559 kJ is the first accurately defined diet for the treatment of obesity in the CSSR. The daily amount contains 4.0 g fat, 33.0 g protein, 50.0 g carbohydrate, 5.6 g fibre and daily recommended allowances of vitamins. The diet is enriched with potassium, magnesium and iron. The low-energy protein diet was used for a period of 28 days in the treatment of 49 obese patients aged 40.49 +/- 1.39 years whose initial weight was 110.14 +/- 3.41 kg and the BMI 39.44 +/- 1.13. The therapeutic regime comprised in addition to the diet adequate physical exercise of aerobic character and training of correct eating behaviour. Four weeks treatment led to a significant decline of body weight (by 10.60 +/- 0.46 kg) and a significant drop of the BMI (by 3.65 +/- 0.16). Men lost more weight than women. In women a substantial drop of the body weight (90.5%) was due to reduction of body fat, while in men adipose tissue participated by 60.0% in the loss. During the fourth week of treatment a positive nitrogen balance was achieved, obviously due to adequate physical exercise. The waist/hip ratio was not affected by treatment in either group. The therapeutic regime influenced favourably some risk factors of ischaemic heart disease. In addition to a significant drop of the systolic and diastolic blood pressure a significant decline of total cholesterol, triacylglycerols and serum insulin occurred. There was a concurrent decline of the urinary C-peptide excretion. The therapeutic regime involving the low-energy protein diet was well tolerated by the patients. The incidence of side effects during treatment was less frequent than in treatment by intermittent fasts. No disorders of the cardiac rhythm were recorded during treatment.

Very low energy formula diet in the treatment of obesity.

A new very low energy formula diet containing 1560 kJ (373 kcal) per day was employed in the treatment of 49 obese patients. The treatment, of 4 weeks duration, included aerobic physical exercise and behavioural intervention. This kind of therapy resulted in a significant decrease (P less than 0.001) of both weight (-10.60 +/- 0.46 kg) and body mass index (-3.36 +/- 0.16). The fat stores represented 90.5 per cent of weight loss in women and 60.0 per cent of weight loss in men. The first very low energy formula diet produced in Czechoslovakia proved to be an efficient and safe tool for the treatment of obesity, positively affecting high blood pressure, lipid and carbohydrate metabolism in the absence of serious side-effects.