RESUMO
A new multivalvulid species, Kudoa pagrusi sp. n., was described from the sea bream Pagrus pagrus. The cysts were oval to ellipsoidal and restricted to the cardiac muscles. The mean spore measurements were 7.0 microm in length and 6.4 microm in width as well as in thickness, while the mean polar capsule measurements were 3.7 microm in length and 1.5 microm in width. The ultrastructural features of the present species proved that the spore have four polar capsules with four shell valves that are the main criteria for genus Kudoa.
Assuntos
Eucariotos , Doenças dos Peixes/parasitologia , Coração/parasitologia , Infecções Protozoárias em Animais/parasitologia , Dourada/parasitologia , Animais , Eucariotos/classificação , Eucariotos/isolamento & purificação , Eucariotos/fisiologia , Eucariotos/ultraestrutura , Oceano Índico , Microscopia , Microscopia Eletrônica , Esporos de Protozoários/ultraestruturaRESUMO
The adamantanes (amantadine and rimantadine) were the first antivirals licensed for use against influenza A viruses and have been used in some countries to control seasonal influenza. While increasing resistance of A(H3) viruses to this class of drug has been reported in recent years, only low levels of resistance were seen with A(H1) viruses until the 2005-2006 influenza season in the USA. In this study we analysed 101 human influenza A viruses isolated in 2006 that were referred to the WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research in Melbourne, from Australia and the surrounding regions, for evidence of resistance to adamantanes. We found that whereas previously A(H1) resistant viruses were rare, 21.8% of the 2006 viruses had a resistant genotype. By comparison, 58.6% of influenza A(H3) viruses isolated in 2006 that were tested at the Centre, had a resistant genotype.
Assuntos
Adamantano/uso terapêutico , Vírus da Influenza A Subtipo H1N1/efeitos dos fármacos , Vírus da Influenza A Subtipo H3N2/efeitos dos fármacos , Influenza Humana/tratamento farmacológico , Rimantadina/uso terapêutico , Adamantano/farmacologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Substituição de Aminoácidos , Antivirais/farmacologia , Antivirais/uso terapêutico , Sudeste Asiático/epidemiologia , Austrália/epidemiologia , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Farmacorresistência Viral/genética , Ásia Oriental/epidemiologia , Genótipo , Humanos , Lactente , Vírus da Influenza A Subtipo H1N1/genética , Vírus da Influenza A Subtipo H1N1/isolamento & purificação , Vírus da Influenza A Subtipo H3N2/genética , Vírus da Influenza A Subtipo H3N2/isolamento & purificação , Influenza Humana/epidemiologia , Influenza Humana/virologia , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Ilhas do Pacífico/epidemiologia , Prevalência , Rimantadina/farmacologia , África do Sul/epidemiologiaRESUMO
The prevention and control of disease caused by seasonal and potential pandemic influenza viruses is currently managed by the use influenza vaccines and antivirals. The adamantanes (amantadine and rimantadine) were the first antivirals licensed for use against influenza A viruses and have been used extensively in some countries. Since the early 2000s increased resistance to these drugs has been reported especially in the A(H3) viruses. In this study we analysed recent human influenza A strains isolated in Australia and regionally for evidence of resistance to adamantanes and found evidence of significant resistant emerging during 2005.
