Effects of GSM-Frequency Electromagnetic Radiation on Some Physiological and Biochemical Parameters in Rats.

Single exposure of white outbred rats to electromagnetic radiation with a frequency 905 MHz (GSM frequency) for 2 h increased anxiety, reduced locomotor, orientation, and exploration activities in females and orientation and exploration activities in males. Glucocorticoid levels and antioxidant system activity increased in both males and females. In addition to acute effects, delayed effects of radiation were observed in both males and females 1 day after the exposure. These results demonstrated significant effect of GSM-range radiation on the behavior and activity of stress-realizing and stress-limiting systems of the body.

[Non-thermal effect of GSM electromagnetic radiation on quality of pea seeds].

The seeds with low level of room temperature phosphorescence (RTP) were selected from a lot of air-dry peas (Pisum sativum) with 62% germination. These strong seeds (95-97% germination percentage) in air-dry, imbibed or emerged states were exposed to 905 MHz GSM-band electromagnetic radiation (EMR). The following effects of EMR were observed. Fraction II with higher RTP level appeared in the air-dry seeds. The germination rate decreased 2-3 fold in the air-dry, swollen and sprouting seeds due to an increase in the ratio of the seedlings with morphological defects (from 3 to 38%) and suffocated seeds (from 1 to 15%). We suggest tentative mechanisms to account for the decreased fitness of peas under GSM-band EMR (905 MHz); also discussed is the role of non-enzymatic hydrolysis of carbohydrates and amino-carbonyl reaction in this process.

[Possibilities of using MIGI-K protective activity under conditions of radionuclide contamination].

Experimental studies of the mussel hydrolyzate (MIGI-K) have shown that this preparation can enhance both general and radiation resistance of the organism. Moreover, MIGI-K promotes elimination of incorporated radionuclides from the organism. Some properties of this preparation, in particular, the absence of toxicity or harmful side effects, have made it possible to apply MIGI-K as an adaptogen, that is, a food supplement oftherapeutic and preventive action used to increase radionuclide excretion in the Chernobyl emergency clean-up workers.

[Synthetic peptides -- analogs of biologically active fragment of the differentiation factor from HL-60 cells show radioprotective and adaptogenic activities]. / Sinteticheskie peptidy -- analogi biologicheski aktivnogo fragmenta faktora differentsirovki kletok HL-60 proiavliaiut radioprotektornuiu i adaptogennuiu aktivnost'.

It was shown that the addition of synthetic six-membered peptide (HLDF-6) and its Tyr-analog (HLDF-Y) to cultural medium significantly increased the survival of cells HL-60, treated by cold shock. The prophylactic administration of HDLF-Y (1 mg/kg, 4 hours prior to applied actions) decreased the response of hypothalamushypophysis-adrenal glands system and sympathicoadrenal system of rat males on supercooling and also increased the resistance of mouse males to supercooling and X-irradiation. In the experiences with females HDLF-Y did not show the similar biological activity.

[Radioprotective properties of carnosine]. / Protivoluchevye éffekty karnozina.

In experiments with rats and mice there was shown the ability of carnosine (beta-alanyl-L-histidine) to depress accumulation of lipoperoxidative products in blood serum and to increase the yield of spleen endocolonies in irradiated animals. There were investigated duration of the protective action and compared effects of single and prolonged administration of carnosine. Carnozine restores the postradiative decrease in the cytochrome P-450 content in rat liver microsomes. Besides, the ability of carnosine to prevent the postradiative decline in the activity of UDP-glucoronyltransferase. Some possible mechanisms of its radioprotective action are discussed.

[Protective effects of MIGI-K during UV irradiation of animals]. / Zashchitnye éffekty MIGI-K pri UF-obluchenii zhivotnykh.

Prophylactic peroral use of MIGI-K preparation (products of acid hydrolysis of mussels meat) largely or completely prevented intensification of lipoperoxidation and depression of antioxidative systems (superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, nonprotein thiols, lipoantioxidants) in skin and liver of UV-irradiated rats.

[Adaptogen MIGI-K in rehabilitation of Chernobyl liquidators]. / Primenenie adaptogena MIGI-K dlia reabilitatsii likvidatorov-chernobyl'tsev.

Experimental studies of the mussels hydrolysate (MIGI-K) have shown that this preparation can enhance the radioresistance and general resistance of the organism. The mechanisms of its action are related mainly with its influence on the components of the biochemical back-ground of the resistance and with its antioxidative activity. Some properties of this preparation, for example, absence of toxicity and harmful side effects, made it possible as an adaptogene and as a remedy, increasing radionuclides excretion.

[Use of a preparation of natural origin to attenuate biological effects under conditions of radioactive pollution and in a radiobiological experiment]. / Ispol'zoavnie preparata prirodnogo proiskhozhdeniia dlia oslableniia biologicheskikh éffektov v usloviiakh radioaktivnogo zagriazneniia i v radiobiologicheskom eksperimente.

The experiments in animals exposed in the area of increased radiation level around the Chernobyl NPP and the observational data on laringosyndrom and peripheral blood pattern of the people, who worked at the Chernobyl NPP in 1986-1987, have shown that it is possible to use some biogenic preparations (e.g. MIGI-K) for protection under chronic exposure to natural and technogenous ionizing radiation. MIGI-K preparation effectively enhances radioresistance as well as general resistance of the organism. It has important positive characteristics: it is non-toxic, there are no side effects and contra-indications for its peroral use as a nutriceutic, it has no mutagenic properties, it has not only radioprophylactic but also radiotherapeutic activity and pronounced cancerostatic activity. It is also important that MIGI-K has long-term effects on the organism resistance (up to 2 weeks after the ending of its month course), enhances the endogenous background of radioresistance, shows hemoregulatory effects, intensifies radionuclide efflux from organism. It can be stored under room temperature for several months without the loss of its activity. The data mentioned above let us to conclude that MIGI-K is adaptogenous preparation with wide spectrum of activity.

[The effect of x-ray irradiation on UDP glucuronyltransferase activity in the liver microsomes of rats]. / Vliianie rentgenovskogo oblucheniia na aktivnost' UDF-gliukuroniltransferazy v mikrosomakh pecheni krys.

It was shown that X irradiation of male and female rats with dose of 7 Gy causes phase alterations of UDP-glucuronyltransferase activity (p-nitrophenol glucuronidation was analysed) in liver microsomal fraction: 24 hr after irradiation decrease (to 45.7 +/- 6.4 and 60.2 +/- 8.6% of norm correspondingly) followed by 72 hr after irradiation increase (to 190.5 +/- 4.8 and 155.4 +/- 12.2% of norm) and normalization of the enzyme activity 120-168 hr after irradiation. Direct dependence of the 24 hr after irradiation enzyme activity decrease on exposure dose (for males in the dose range of 2-10 Gy, for females in the range of 5-12 Gy) due to reducing of active form of UDP-glucuronyltransferase (UDPGT) was established. It was found that glucuronyltransferase activity increase 72 hr after irradiation occurred against the background of normalization of UDPGT active form level.

[The possibility of using the preparation MIGI-K in districts exposed to radioactive contamination following the accident at the Chernobyl AES]. / O vozmozhnosti ispol'zovaniia preparata MIGI-K v raionakh, podvergshikhsia radioaktivnomu zagriazneniiu posle avarii na Chernobyl'skoi AES.

A preparation from mussels, MIGI-K, used as an additive to the diet of people working at the Chernobyl power plant has proved to be efficient in increasing the total resistance of the body, including the resistance to ionizing radiation. In experiments with animals, MIGI-K has been shown to accelerate excretion of 45Ca and 86Rb from the body. The combination of these properties of MIGI-K permits us to consider it an efficient drug to be used within the regions affected by the Chernobyl disaster.

[The effect of carnosine on the liver enzyme system in the irradiated body]. / Vliianie karnozina na fermentnye sistemy pecheni v obluchennom organizme.

The effect of carnosine on post-radioactive changes in lipid peroxidation (LPO) products in blood serum and cytochrome P-450 content in liver microsomes has been studied. Per os administration of carnosine 24 hours prior to irradiation in a minimal lethal dose (7 Gr) markedly decreases the post-radioactive accumulation of LPO products in rat blood serum one hour after irradiation and fully restores the post-radioactive decrease in the cytochrome P-450 content in rat liver microsomes on day 5 after irradiation. Besides, the ability of carnosine to prevent the post-radioactive decline in the activity of UDP-glucuronyl transferase. Another key enzyme of the liver detoxifying system, has been demonstrated. The data obtained testify to the ability of carnosine to provide effective protection against post-radioactive intensification of LPO in irradiated organisms.

[Radiation reactions and the possibilities for their modification in rats exposed in the area of the Chernobyl Atomic Electric Power Station]. / Issledovanie nekotorykh luchevykh reaktsii i vozmozhnosti ikh modifikatsii u krys, éksponirovannykh v zone Chernobyl'skoi AES.

A study was made of some embryological, hematological, cytogenetic and biochemical characteristics in Wistar rats exposed within the Chernobyl NPP zone over a period of 30 days (the average radiation background level, 75, and at the soil surface, 115 mR/h; a cumulative dose, 57 rad/30 days, and for pregnant rats, 36 rad/20 days). The quantity of chromosome aberrations in bone marrow metaphases and the embryonal death rate were invariable; some cases of teratogenesis were, however, observed. The total number of karyocytes in the brain and the leukocyte content in the peripheral blood sometimes decreased. The changes in certain characteristics (such as the content of endogenous amines and thiols in the liver and spleen) of the endogenous radioresistance background (ERB) and the normalization of the ERB by the radioprotective agent MIGI-K were found.

[The radiation modifying properties of carnosine]. / O radiomodifitsiruiushchikh svoistvakh karnozina.

The influence of carnosine (beta-alanyl-l-histidine) on the survival rate of albino mice subjected to whole-body X-irradiation has been investigated. Carnosine (50-200 mg/kg/day) administered per os during a period of 20 days before irradiation (5.0 Gy) increased the survival rate by 45-65%, whereas the administration of carnosine within 30 days after irradiation (5.5 Gy) produced an insignificant protective effect and caused inhibition of the postirradiation histamine accumulation in the spleen.

[The effect of x-ray irradiation on the cytochrome P-450-dependent mono-oxygenase system of the liver in different animal species]. / Vliianie rentgenovskogo oblucheniia na tsitokhrom P-450-zavisimuiu monooksigenaznuiu sistemu pecheni u razlichnykh vidov zhivotnykh.

The whole X-irradiation (7 Gy) of male rat, mouse and guinea-pig caused in general similar alterations in the content of cytochrome P-450 and aminopyrine-N-demethylase activity in liver microsomes. On the 5-7th day after irradiation the parameters were 39-79% of the normal level. The same postradiation changes were observed in females of these animal species but in females of rats and guinea-pigs the effect was less expressed. The depression of activity in liver microsomal cytochrome P-450-dependent monooxygenase system has been concluded to be one of the characteristic features of acute form in radiation damage.

[Effect of ultraviolet rays on peroxidation and its regulation in the rat liver]. / Vliianie ul'trafioletovogo izlucheniia na protsess perekisnogo okisleniia i ego reguliatsiiu v pecheni krys.

The indirect effect of rat skin ultraviolet (UV) irradiation on lipid peroxidation and enzymatic systems of the liver has been studied. The processes of lipid peroxidation have been intensified after 72 hours of UV-irradiation, which is evidently due both to the activation of enzymatic system of initiation and propagation of lipid peroxidation and to the parallel decrease of the activity of enzymatic system regulation of given process in liver.

[Effect of x-ray irradiation on the activity of key enzymes in heme biosynthesis and breakdown in the rat liver]. / Vliianie rentgenovskogo oblucheniia na aktivnost' kliuchevykh fermentov sinteza i raspada gema v pecheni krys.

The authors studied the effects of the whole-body x-irradiation on the activity of delta-aminolevulinate synthase and heme oxygenase in the liver of Wistar rats. The activity of delta-aminolevulinate synthase decreased to 81-49% of normal by the 1st-3d day after irradiation in a dose of 7 Gy followed by partial normalization of the enzyme activity by the 5th-7th day. The activity of heme oxygenase was over 2 times as increased by the 5th-7th day following irradiation in a dose of 7 Gy. Irradiation in a dose of 5 Gy did not alter the activity of heme oxygenase and caused a negligible reduction in the activity of delta-aminolevulinate synthase. During the most pronounced decrease in the rate of heme synthesis in the liver of irradiated rats, there was an elevation in the level of "free" heme (measured by the degree of tryptophane pyrrolase saturation with heme). This attests to a possible lowering of the rate of heme utilization in the synthesis of heme. A possible role of the effects described in the irradiation-induced decrease in the content of cytochrome P-450 in the animals' liver.

[The effect of x-rays on the level, composition and para-nitroanisole-o-demethylase activity of cytochrome P-450 in the liver microsomes of rats]. / Vliianie rentgenovskogo oblucheniia na soderzhanie, sostav i para-nitroanizol-o-demetilaznuiu aktivnost' tsitokhroma P-450 v mikrosomakh pecheni krys.

A study was made of the effect of X-radiation of different doses on the content of P-450 cytochrome in a microsomal fraction of rat liver. When the haemoprotein level markedly decreased an increase in Km and a decrease in Vmax were noted in the reaction of O-demethylation of para-nitroanisole by microsomes of the irradiated rat liver. It is suggested that one of the cause of the effect observed is the postirradiation change in the composition of cytochrome P-450 pool resulting from a selective decrease in the level of the radiosensitive forms of haemoprotein.

[Relation of changes in the content and activity of rat liver microsomal cytochrome P-450 to the intensification of lipid peroxidation under stress]. / O sviazi izmenenii soderzhaniia i aktivnosti mikrosomal'nogo tsitokhroma P-450 pecheni krys s intensifikatsiei perekisnogo okisleniia lipidov pri stressovykh vozdeistviiakh.

The content of cytochromes and aminopyrine demethylase activity of rat liver microsomes were studied after 3 hours of swimming, adrenaline administration, and immobilization of the animals. Immobilization and swimming resulted in a short-term 19-25% decrease in the content of cytochrome P-450. Administration of adrenaline entailed a more prolonged and appreciable reduction in the content of both cytochrome P-450 and cytochrome b5. These changes were preceded by intensification of lipid peroxidation (LPO) in the liver. After the exposures described the pattern of changes in demethylase activity of microsomes was more complex than the changes in the content of cytochrome P-450. It is assumed that the decreased content of cytochrome P-450 in the endoplasmic liver reticulum is a non-specific body reaction to stress exposures and that this reaction is related to the intensification of LPO in animal tissues.