[Chromatin diminution is a key process explaining the eukaryotic genome size paradox and some mechanisms of genetic isolation]. / Diminutsiia khromatina--kliuchevoi protsess dlia ob''iasneniia paradoksa razmera genoma éukariot i nekotorykh mekhanizmov geneticheskoi izoliatsii.

The functions of redundant (junk, selfish, parasitic, etc.) DNA in eukaryotes can be reliably inferred from chromatin diminution (programmed elimination of up to 94% of the genome from somatic germ cells in Ascaris and Cyclops). These functions should be sought in germ cells, where this DNA is preserved during the entire life time of the species. A possible biological role of redundant DNA as a factor disrupting meiotic chromosome synapsis is suggested. At the same time, chromatin diminution itself can act as a mechanism of postzygotic isolation. All stage of the complex diminution mechanism could not be fixed in the genetic program of the species via gradual accumulation of mutations. The "program" of diminution must have appeared at once and in the completed form.

[Chromosomal radiosensitivity as associated with chromatin diminution in cyclops (Crustacea, Copepoda)]. / Radiochuvstvitel'nost' khromosom v sviazi s diminutsiei khromatina u tsiklopov (Crustacea, Copepoda).

Chromosomal radiosensitivity inferred from the yield of chromosome aberrations (CAs) was for the first time studied in Cyclops (Crustacea, Copepoda) before and after chromatin diminution (CD). A comparison was made for C. kolensis, in which CD denudes somatic embryo cells of the greatest (94%) DNA amount known for multicellular organisms, and C. insignis, which lacks CD. The two species have similar genome sizes, 4.6 and 4.3 pg. respectively. Radiosensitivity of C. kolensis chromosomes proved to be extremely high during prediminution cleavage divisions. This was attributed to membrane damage in granules that contain enzymes (topoisomerases) normally involved in cleavage and ligation of chromosomal DNA during CD.

[The anthropic principle in biology and radiobiology]. / Antropnyi printsip v biologii i radiobiologii.

In accordance with the anthropic principle of the Universe the physical constants of fundamental particles of matter and the laws of their counteraction are those that an appearance of man and mind becomes possible and necessary. It is suggested to add some biological constants to the set of fundamental constants. With reparation of DNA as an example it was shown how a cell ran some parameters of Watson-Crick double helix. It was pointed that the concept of the anthropic principle of the Universe in its full body including biological constants is a key to developing of a unified theory of evolution of the Universe within the limits of scientific creationism.

[Diminution of chromatin, accompanying reorganization of genomic molecular structure: evolutionary aspects]. / Diminutsii khromatina, soprovozhdaiushchiesia reorganizatsiei molekuliarnoi struktury genoma: évoliutsionnye aspekty.

Chromatin diminution (CD) accompanied by the reorganization of the molecular genomic structure of macronuclei in ciliates and somatic cells in Cyclops and Ascaris is considered. A conclusion is drawn that the physical elimination of most (sometimes 94-98%) genetic material from somatic nuclei directly indicates that, in these species, eliminated sequences possess neither the coding nor the regulatory functions that are required for differentiation. Apparently, the actual functions of eliminated sequences are associated only with germline chromosomes where these sequences act as a factor of genetic isolation. A CD is supposed to be underlain by the coordinated operation of many genes. Consequently, this phenomenon cannot result from stochastic mutagenesis and the random coincidence of required mutations in several genes. For CD formation, canalized mutagenesis is required, which simultaneously generates a set of genes that code the consecutive stages of CD.

[Chromosome aberrations, chromatin diminution and their significance in understanding the molecular genetic organization of eukaryotic chromosomes]. / Aberratsii khromosom, diminutsiia khromatina i ikh znachenie v ponimanii molekuliarno-geneticheskoi organizatsii khromosom éukariot.

The paper analyzes the significance of new data obtained in the study of mechanism of formation of radiation-induced chromosome aberrations and in the investigation of chromatin diminution for understanding of the principles of the molecular genetical organization of eucaryotic chromosome. It is concluded that the structure of eucaryotic chromosome follows a certain plan. For its formation, a large number of various innovations were necessary, which could not been prepared simultaneously under the directed action of natural selection based upon the stochastic mutation process.