Maltrato a las personas mayores: algunas respuestas a muchos interrogantes / Mistreatment to the elderly: some answers to many questions

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Estudio cualitativo SEGG-IMSERSO: la perspectiva de los mayores españoles sobre el maltrato al anciano* / SEGG-IMSERSO qualitative study: the perspective of Spanish elderly on mistreatment of the aged

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Nuestros ancianos se vuelven itinerantes / Our elderly people become itinerant

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[Design and validation of a questionnaire for screening of venous insufficiency of the lower limbs]. / Diseño y validación de un cuestionario para el screening de la insuficiencia venosa de miembros inferiores.

OBJECTIVE: To carry out a questionnaire type test for screening of Chronic Venous Insufficiency (CVI) of lower limbs (LL) to be applied to clinical assistance. DESIGN: Observational type epidemiological study and validation of a test. LOCATION: Fuencarral Health Centre (Madrid). PATIENTS: 100 patients with venous alterations of the lower limbs (cases) and 100 without alterations (control group) selected from the register of the Centre. The inclusion criteria was the presence of truncular varicose veins and/or valvular insufficiency detected by ultra-sound (Doppler). MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: 20 variables were studied possibly associated with the disease and which could be collected by means of a questionnaire. From the epidemiological study, 13 simple questions with a YES/NO answer were chosen for the questionnaire, which collected information on the different variables selected. The maximum number of points of the test was 30. The value of each question was based on the strength of association (ODDS Ratio) and on the degree of reliability of the answers. The sensitivity and specificity of the test taking 14 points as the cutting point, was 82% in both cases. The ROC curve is indicated. CONCLUSIONS: Owing to the high prevalence of CVI of LL and to the possibilities of preventive measures if an early diagnosis is carried out, this questionnaire type test is considered useful among people attending the Health Centre and to be able to select those who require a more detailed and expensive diagnosis examination.

Comparison of enrichment and plating media for isolation of Yersinia.

Yersinia enterocolitica (Serotypes 0:3 or 0:8), Yersinia frederiksenii, Yersinia kristensenii, or Yersinia intermedia along with 10(8) cells of each of three extraneous organisms (Escherichia coli, Enterobacter aerogenes, Pseudomonas fragi), all commonly found on market poultry, were inoculated into five enrichment media followed by streaking onto 11 plating media to determine the most-efficacious combinations for future surveys or assessment studies. For Yersinia enterocolitica (0:8), infrequent recoveries were made using yeast extract-rosebengal-bile oxalate sorbose broth and phosphate-buffered saline (4 C) followed by plating onto pectin, DNase-Tween 80 (polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleate)-sorbitol, MacConkey-Tween 80, or cefsulodin-irgasan-novobiocin (CIN) agars. With Y. enterocolitica (0:3), recoveries were most frequently made using phosphate-buffered saline, sorbitol bile (incubated for 17 days) and yeast extract-rosebengal-bile oxalate sorbose broth followed by plating onto pectin, CIN, bismuth sulfite (Difco Laboratories, Detroit, MI), or modified Rimler-Shotts agar. For Y. frederiksenii, Y. kristensenii, and Y. intermedia, incubation in sorbitol bile for 17 days or in yeast extract-rosebengal-bile oxalate sorbose broth, followed by plating onto CIN, pectin, DNase-Tween/80-sorbitol, cellobiose-arginine-lysine agar, or MacConkey-Tween 80 agar yielded the most-frequent recoveries. Overall, the CIN and pectin agars performed best for the recovery of the Yersinia bacterium; the modified selenite broth and the bismuth-sulfite plating agars were unsatisfactory in the present study.

The presence of Yersinia enterocolitica and other Yersinia species on the carcasses of market broilers.

Sixty ready-to-cook broiler carcasses obtained from several local supermarkets were tested for the presence of Yersinia enterocolitica and other Yersinia species. In the present study, the authors used two enrichment broths, yeast-extract/rosebengal-bile oxalate sorbose (YER-BOS) and phosphate-buffered saline with a postenrichment KOH treatment (PBS-KOH), and two plating media, cefsulodin-irgasan-novobiocin (CIN) and pectin agar. Yersinia organisms were found on 34 of 60 carcasses (56.7%) and Y. enterocolitica, on 16 of 60 carcasses (26.7%). There was no significant difference between CIN and pectin agar; however, PBS-KOH yielded a significantly higher (P less than or equal to .05) detection rate than YER-BOS, regardless of the plating media used. In addition to Y. enterocolitica, Y. frederiksenii and Y. intermedia were also isolated from the market broilers. None of the Y. enterocolitica isolates were found to be presumptively virulent.

Characterization of the Aeromonas hydrophila group isolated from retail foods of animal origin.

During a recent survey of retail fresh foods of animal origin (fish and seafood, raw milk, poultry, and red meats) for organisms of the Aeromonas hydrophila group, we isolated representative strains from the various foods. In this study, we sought to characterize these isolates for biochemical properties and virulence-associated factors and to compare the food isolates with clinical isolates. We identified all food and clinical isolates as A. hydrophila and found that all isolates were typical in their biochemical reactions. Examination of the isolates for various virulence-associated factors indicated that most food and clinical isolates were serum resistant, beta-hemolytic, cytotoxin positive (against Y1 adrenal cells), hemagglutinin positive, Congo red positive, elastase positive, and staphylolysin positive. Mouse 50% lethal doses were log10 8 to 9 CFU for most isolates. All isolates had biotypes identical to those of enterotoxin-positive strains. The public health significance of these organisms in foods is not known at present, although their widespread occurrence and ability to grow competitively in foods kept at 5 degrees C represents a potential hazard.

Comparison of lithium chloride-phenylethanol-moxalactam and modified Vogel Johnson agars for detection of Listeria spp. in retail-level meats, poultry, and seafood.

The effectiveness of Modified Vogel Johnson agar and lithium chloride-phenylethanol-moxalactam agar for detection of Listeria spp. in foods was compared by using the media to analyze retail-level meat, poultry, and seafood both by direct plating and in conjunction with a three-tube most-probable-number enrichment. The most-probable-number protocol detected Listeria species, including Listeria monocytogenes, in a substantial portion of the fresh meat and seafood samples. In most instances the Listeria levels were less than 2 CFU/g, which precluded detection by direct plating. Modified Vogel Johnson agar performed as well as did lithium chloride-phenylethanol-moxalactam agar and was considerably easier to use because of its ability to differentiate Listeria spp. from other microorganisms.