Una estrategia pedagógica extracurrricular para educar valores en la formación profesional de los estudiantes de la Escuela Latinoamericana de Medicina / An extracurricular pedagogic strategy for educating moral values in the students of the Latin American Medical School during their professional training

Elaborar y validar una estrategia pedagógica extracurricular para el trabajo del profesor guía que propicieel desarrollo de los valores responsabilidad, solidaridad y honestidad. Se realizó un diseño experimental en su variante de pre-experimento con prueba antes y después, al que se incorporaron elementos de investigación acción participativa para conferir flexibilidad a la estrategia implementada. Como métodos teóricos se emplearon el enfoque sistémico, la modelación y el histórico-lógico. De los métodos empíricos se emplearon la observación, el cuestionario, la entrevista grupal y los dilemas morales. Se trabajó con una muestra intencional de tres grupos de estudiantes. Se estableció una estrategia para el trabajo educativo en la ELAM como un sistema de actividades y tareas. La comparación entre el diagnóstico inicial y final mostró un incremento de los valores implicados en la estrategia. Para el componente cognoscitivo se apreciaron movimientos hacia niveles superiores. En cuanto a la intención conductual, para los tres valores se observó un cambio estadísticamente significativo, hacia categorías superiores. Se estableció una estrategia para el trabajo educativo en la ELAM a través de la que fue posible elevar el nivel de desarrollo de los valores morales responsabilidad, solidaridad y honestidad(AU)

To elaborate and to validate an extracurricular pedagogic strategy to develop the responsibility, solidarity and honesty as moral values of the students through the class teacher work. An experimental design which included pre-text and post-test was carried out. Some elements of participating action-research were integrated to the pedagogic experiment in order to make the strategy flexible in its setting in practice. As theoretic methods the systemic approach and modelling were used. As empirical methods the observation, a questionnaire, a group interview and moral dilemmas were employed, the sample was formedwith six groups of students. A system of activities and tasks was established as a strategy for the educating work in the Latin American Medical School. The comparison between the initial and final diagnostics showed an increase of the moral values considered in the strategy. Movements to higher levels were detected for the cognitive component. For the behavioural intention a meaningful statistic change toward higher categories was observed in each of the three moral values evaluated. A strategy for the educating work in the Latin American Medical School was established and it allowed to rise the development level of responsibility, solidarity and honesty as moral values of the students(AU)

Correlación de los niveles de aminotransferasas y fibrosis en pacientes con hepatitis C, con y sin tratamiento oncológico previo / Correlations in the levels of amintransferasas and fibrosis in patients with hepatitis C, with and not treatment oncology

La Hepatitis C crónica es una enfermedad insidiosa en la edad pediátrica, con valores de aminotransferasas normales en la tercera parte de los pacientes. La histología hepática es variable. En pacientes con antecedentes oncológicos que han recibido quimioterapia, la progresión de la enfermedad es lenta. El objetivo del trabajo fue correlacionar los hallazgos histológicos con los niveles de alaninoaminotransferasa (ALT) en pacientes con y sin antecedentes oncológicos. 34 pacientes con IgGHCV, RNAHCV y biopsia hepática fueron incluidos. 50 por ciento tenían antecedentes oncológicos. 71 por ciento son femeninos. El promedio de ALT 102±224 UI/L. 11/34 tenían AMT normales, de los cuales 27,3 por ciento tenían antecedentes oncológicos. 81,82 por ciento (9) presentan fibrosis leve y el 18,18 por ciento (2) no presenta fibrosis. En 23/34 pacientes con transaminasas elevadas predominó la fibrosis leve en un 56,52 por ciento. Similar a lo reportado en la mayoría de los trabajos, no encontramos relación significativa entre los niveles de transaminasas y el grado de fibrosis, comparando los grupos de pacientes con antecedentes oncológicos y sin éste antecedente.

Monoacylglycerol metabolism in human intestinal Caco-2 cells: evidence for metabolic compartmentation and hydrolysis.

Free fatty acids (FFA) and sn-2-monoacylglycerol (MG), the two major hydrolysis products of dietary triacylglycerol (TG), are absorbed from the lumen into polarized enterocytes that line the small intestine. Intensive studies regarding FFA metabolism in the intestine have been published; however, little is known regarding the metabolism of MG. In these studies, we examined the metabolism of sn-2-monoolein (sn-2-18:1) by human intestinal Caco-2 cells. To mimic the physiological presentation of MG to the enterocyte, the metabolism of [(3)H]sn-2-monoolein was examined by adding taurocholate-mixed sn-2-18:1 and albumin-bound sn-2-18:1 at the apical (AP) and basolateral (BL) surfaces of the Caco-2 cell, respectively. The results demonstrate that more sn-2-18:1 was incorporated into TG from AP taurocholate-mixed sn-2-18:1, whereas more phospholipid was synthesized from BL albumin-bound sn-2-18:1. The TG:phospholipid ratio was approximately 5-fold higher for AP relative to BL MG incubation. Qualitatively similar results were observed for bovine serum albumin-bound MG added at the apical surface. It was also found that substantial sn-2-18:1 radioactivity was recovered in the FFA fraction, suggesting that sn-2-18:1 may be directly hydrolyzed within the Caco-2. We therefore used reverse transcription-PCR with primers designed from the murine MG lipase (MGL) gene, and detected the presence of MG lipase mRNA in Caco-2. The human MGL gene was cloned and found to be 83% identical to the murine MGL, and identical to a previously described lysophospholipase-like protein. Northern blot analysis showed the expression of MGL throughout Caco-2 differentiation. Thus, MG metabolism in Caco-2 cells may include not only well established anabolic processes, but also catabolic processes. Further, the observed polarity of MG metabolism suggests that, as for fatty acids, separate precursor and/or product pools of lipid may exist in the intestinal enterocyte.