Your browser doesn't support javascript.
loading
Mostrar: 20 | 50 | 100
Resultados 1 - 15 de 15
Filtrar
Mais filtros










Intervalo de ano de publicação
1.
Rev. esp. pediatr. (Ed. impr.) ; 69(1): 13-19, ene.-feb. 2013. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-125484

RESUMO

Los Cuidados Intensivos Pediátricos (CIPs) iniciaron su actividad en el Hospital Infantil La Paz en el año 1074. El servicio actual dispone de 16 camas, cuatro de cuidados medios, ocho de cuidados intensivos y cuatro de aislamiento con exclusa y filtros HEPA (High Efficiency Particulate Air). En los últimos 6 años (2006-2010) se han atendido 3.674 pacientes, media de 612 pacientes año, con una ocupación media anual del 83,4% y mortalidad media anual del 4,9%. Al ser considerado un servicio polivalente, se ha establecido una estrecha colaboración prácticamente con la totalidad de los servicios y especialidades pediátricas médico-quirúrgicas del hospital, con mayor o menor frecuencia según las patologías asistidas, destacando entre las patologías asistidas, destacado entre las patologías quirúrgicas los pacientes con asistencia ventricular (Berlin Hear), ECMO (Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation) y trasplante cardiaco; así como tratamiento psotoepratorio de los trasplantes hepáticos, renales, intestinales y multiviscerales. Entre las líneas de trabajo, hay que destacar el tratamiento intracoronario con células progenitoras autólogas de médula ósea en pacientes con miocardiopatía dilatada e insuficiencia cardíaca; creación de un equipo mixto, médico y de enfermería para el abordaje guiado por ecografía, de accesos venosos centrales insertados periféricamente; registro de una patente europea de válvula de cierre ultrarrápido y sin fugas para respiradores; utilización a nivel pediátrico de la tecnología ventilatoria NAVA (Neurally Adjusted Ventilatory Asist); monitorización hemodinámica con el monitor PiCCO2 (Pulsion Medical System); la promoción de la ecuación médica basada en la simulación de ata fidelidad y la implantación de la asistencia ventricular externa en Pediatría (AU)


The Pediatric Intensive Care Unit of La Paz Universitary Hospital, was founded in 1974. It is now a polyvalent medical-surgical tertiary unit, equipped with 4 intermediate care beds, 8 intensive care beds and 4 isolation beds with airlock and HEPA filters for the treatment of transplanted and immunocompromised patients. In the last 6 years, 3674 patients have been treated (mean 612 patients/year) with a mean occupancy rate of 83,4% and a mortality rate of 4,9&. As the polyvalent unit it is, PICU staff maintains close and daily contact and cooperation with almost all the rest of the medical and surgical departments of the hospital. In this regard Critically ill cardiac patients are admitted in the PICU ( for the treatment with ECMO and ventricular assist devices (EXCOR Berlin Heart), as well as post-operative patients after cardiac, liver, renal, intestinal and multivisceral transplantation. Of all the achievements and current lines of work of the department, it can be highlighted the intracoronary treatment with autologous bone marrow derived progenitor cells in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy, the implantation development of a pediatric ventricular assist program, the echo guided cannulation of peripherally inserted central venous catheter by a especially trained intravenous therapy team, the registration of a European patent for a ultrarapid shutoff respirator valve, the incorporation of NAVA mode for mechanically ventilated patients and the PiCCO2 monitor for the hemodynamic monitorization of patient with cardiovascular dysfunction, and the promotion of medical education based on high-fidelity simulation (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Recém-Nascido , Lactente , Pré-Escolar , Criança , Estado Terminal/epidemiologia , Unidades de Terapia Intensiva Pediátrica/organização & administração , Unidades de Terapia Intensiva Neonatal/organização & administração , Hospitais Pediátricos/organização & administração , Cuidados Críticos/organização & administração
2.
An Pediatr (Barc) ; 65(4): 342-63, 2006 Oct.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-17153762

RESUMO

Advanced life support (ALS) includes all the procedures and maneuvers used to restore spontaneous circulation and breathing, thus minimizing brain injury. The fundamental steps of ALS are airway control with adjuncts, ventilation with 100% oxygen, vascular access and fluid and drug administration, and monitoring to diagnose and treat arrhythmias. Airway control can be achieved by means of oropharyngeal airway, endotracheal intubation, and alternative methods (laryngeal mask and cricothyroidotomy). Vascular access can be achieved by the peripheral venous, intraosseous, central venous, and tracheal routes. The most frequent rhythms found in children with cardiorespiratory arrest are nonshockable (asystole, severe bradycardia, pulseless electrical activity, and complete atrioventricular block). In these cases, adrenaline continues to be the essential drug. Currently, low adrenaline doses (0.01 mg/kg IV and 0.1 mg/kg intratracheal administration) are recommended throughout the resuscitation period. Amiodarone (5 mg/kg) is the drug of choice in cases of ventricular fibrillation refractory to electric shock. The treatment sequence for shockable rhythms (ventricular fibrillation and pulseless ventricular tachycardia) is one 4 J/kg electric shock, followed by cardiopulmonary resuscitation (chest compressions and ventilation) for 2 minutes with subsequent reassessment of the electrocardiographic rhythm. Adrenaline must be administered immediately before the third electric shock and subsequently every 3-5 minutes. Amiodarone must be administered immediately before the fourth shock.


Assuntos
Suporte Vital Cardíaco Avançado/normas , Parada Cardíaca/terapia , Suporte Vital Cardíaco Avançado/métodos , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Procedimentos Clínicos , Humanos , Lactente , Recém-Nascido , Intubação Intratraqueal/métodos , Intubação Intratraqueal/normas , Pediatria
3.
An. pediatr. (2003, Ed. impr.) ; 65(4): 342-363, oct. 2006. ilus, tab
Artigo em Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-051409

RESUMO

La reanimación cardiopulmonar avanzada incluye un conjunto de técnicas y maniobras cuyo objetivo es restaurar definitivamente la circulación y la respiración espontáneas, minimizando la lesión cerebral. Los pasos fundamentales de la reanimación cardiopulmonar avanzada son el control instrumental de la vía aérea y ventilación con oxígeno al 100 %, el acceso vascular y administración de fármacos y fluidos, y la monitorización para el diagnóstico y tratamiento de las arritmias. El control de la vía aérea incluye la colocación de la cánula orofaríngea, la intubación endotraqueal y las alternativas (mascarilla laríngea y cricotiroidotomía). El acceso vascular comprende la canalización de vía venosa periférica, intraósea, vía venosa central y la administración intravenosa, intraósea o endotraqueal de fármacos. Los ritmos no desfibrilables (asistolia, bradicardia grave, actividad eléctrica sin pulso y bloqueo auriculoventricular completo) son los encontrados con mayor frecuencia en la parada cardiorrespiratoria en niños. En ellos la adrenalina sigue siendo el fármaco fundamental. En el momento actual se recomienda la administración de dosis bajas de adrenalina (0,01 mg/kg i.v. y 0,1 mg/kg intratraqueal) durante toda la reanimación. La amiodarona (5 mg/kg) es el fármaco recomendado en la fibrilación ventricular refractaria a choque eléctrico. En el tratamiento de los ritmos desfibrilables (fibrilación ventricular y taquicardia ventricular sin pulso) se recomienda seguir la secuencia siguiente: un choque eléctrico, siempre a 4 J/kg, seguido de 2 min de reanimación cardiopulmonar (masaje y ventilación) y posteriormente comprobación del ritmo electrocardiográfico. La administración de adrenalina se realizará antes del tercer choque eléctrico y posteriormente cada 3 a 5 min y la amiodarona antes del cuarto choque


Advanced life support (ALS) includes all the procedures and maneuvers used to restore spontaneous circulation and breathing, thus minimizing brain injury. The fundamental steps of ALS are airway control with adjuncts, ventilation with 100 % oxygen, vascular access and fluid and drug administration, and monitoring to diagnose and treat arrhythmias. Airway control can be achieved by means of oropharyngeal airway, endotracheal intubation, and alternative methods (laryngeal mask and cricothyroidotomy). Vascular access can be achieved by the peripheral venous, intraosseous, central venous, and tracheal routes. The most frequent rhythms found in children with cardiorespiratory arrest are nonshockable (asystole, severe bradycardia, pulseless electrical activity, and complete atrioventricular block). In these cases, adrenaline continues to be the essential drug. Currently, low adrenaline doses (0.01 mg/kg IV and 0.1 mg/kg intratracheal administration) are recommended throughout the resuscitation period. Amiodarone (5 mg/kg) is the drug of choice in cases of ventricular fibrillation refractory to electric shock. The treatment sequence for shockable rhythms (ventricular fibrillation and pulseless ventricular tachycardia) is one 4 J/kg electric shock, followed by cardiopulmonary resuscitation (chest compressions and ventilation) for 2 minutes with subsequent reassessment of the electrocardiographic rhythm. Adrenaline must be administered immediately before the third electric shock and subsequently every 3-5 minutes. Amiodarone must be administered immediately before the fourth shock


Assuntos
Recém-Nascido , Lactente , Pré-Escolar , Criança , Humanos , Reanimação Cardiopulmonar , Suporte Vital Cardíaco Avançado/normas , Parada Cardíaca/terapia , Suporte Vital Cardíaco Avançado/métodos , /métodos , Intubação Intratraqueal/normas , Pediatria
4.
Med. intensiva (Madr., Ed. impr.) ; 27(6): 430-433, jun. 2003. ilus, tab
Artigo em Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-24460

RESUMO

La presentación de un síndrome de Guillain-Barré en el postoperatorio inmediato de un trasplante de órganos sólidos en niños es un hecho infrecuente. La patogenia de estos casos se ha explicado generalmente por la presencia de infección por alguno de los agentes tradicionalmente implicados en la aparición del síndrome (citomegalovirus, Campylobacter jejuni).Presentamos un caso de síndrome de Guillain-Barré en un receptor de trasplante hepático, en el que no se encontró ninguno de los factores descritos habitualmente como inductores del mismo, y revisamos los aspectos etiopatogénicos y clinicoterapéuticos de este síndrome (AU)


Assuntos
Adolescente , Masculino , Humanos , Síndrome de Guillain-Barré/etiologia , Transplante de Fígado/efeitos adversos , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/microbiologia , Adjuvantes Imunológicos/administração & dosagem , Terapia de Imunossupressão/métodos
5.
An Esp Pediatr ; 52(4): 314-8, 2000 Apr.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-11003921

RESUMO

OBJECTIVES: To study the evolution of Fisher index during the early postoperative period after liver transplantation in children. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We have studied 32 liver transplants performed on 26 pediatric patients, during the first week of the post-operative period. In all cases the BCAA/AAA quotient was determined before transplant, at the time of PICU admission, and on days 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7 after transplant. RESULTS: Compared to control group values, the Fisher index for these patients is significantly lower at pre-transplant (p < 0,0001), upon admission (p < 0,001), and days 1 (p < 0,0001), 2 (p < 0,0001) and 3 (p < 0, 0001). Comparison between non-survivors and survivors shows a significant reduction in the first group on the index in days 1 (p < 0,02), 3 (p < 0,02), 4 (p < 0,005), 5 (p < 0,002), 6 (p < 0,03) and 7 (p < 0,01) of post-transplant. CONCLUSIONS: The evolution of the Fisher index can be useful as an indication of the severity of the condition of these kinds of patients, which would help to establish more aggressive treatment to improve prognosis.


Assuntos
Transplante de Fígado , Cuidados Pós-Operatórios , Índice de Gravidade de Doença , Criança , Humanos , Estudos Prospectivos
6.
An Esp Pediatr ; 52(4): 339-45, 2000 Apr.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-11003931

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether gastric intramucosal pH can be used as an indicator for the treatment of critically ill children. METHODS: A protocol for hemodynamic treatment was tested in 34 critically ill children (medical and surgical patients). Endpoint was considered as normalization of gastric intramucosal pH. Hemodynamic complications were compared with another group of critically ill patients who received conventional treatment. RESULTS: Treatment designed to improve tissue oxygenation (hemodynamic stabilization, volume expansion, and dobutamine perfusion) raised pHi values from 7.25 +/- 0.04 to 7.32 +/- 0.13 (p = 0.014). Seventy-three percent of the children with pHi < 7.30 presented hemodynamic complications. These findings were compared with the results obtained in a control group of 30 critically-ill children given conventional treatment in the pediatric intensive care unit. In this group, 93.8% of the children with a pHi < 7.30 developed hemodynamic complications. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that gastric intramucosal pHi can be useful as an indicator for the hemodynamic treatment of critically ill children.


Assuntos
Estado Terminal/terapia , Mucosa Gástrica/metabolismo , Hemodinâmica , Adolescente , Algoritmos , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Feminino , Humanos , Concentração de Íons de Hidrogênio , Lactente , Masculino
7.
An. esp. pediatr. (Ed. impr) ; 52(4): 314-318, abr. 2000.
Artigo em Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-2434

RESUMO

OBJETIVO: Estudiar la evolución del índice de Fisher y su utilidad como indicador de gravedad, durante el postoperatorio inmediato de pacientes pediátricos sometidos a un trasplante de hígado. PACIENTES Y MÉTODOS: El estudio comprende 32 trasplantes de hígado realizados en 26 niños. En todos los casos el índice BCAA/AAA fue determinado antes del trasplante, al ingreso postrasplante y los días 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 y 7 después del trasplante. RESULTADOS: Comparado con el grupo control, el índice de Fisher de los pacientes fue significativamente más bajo en el pretrasplante (p < 0,0001), al ingreso (p < 0,001) y los días 1 (p < 0,0001), 2 (p < 0,0001) y 3 (p < 0,0001). Al comparar el grupo de pacientes vivos con el grupo de pacientes fallecidos, se evidencia una disminución significativa en el grupo de pacientes fallecidos los días 1 (p < 0,02), 3 (p < 0,02), 4 (p < 0,005), 5 (p < 0,002), 6 (p < 0,03) y 7 (p < 0,01). CONCLUSIÓN: La evolución del índice de Fisher puede servir como parámetro indicador de gravedad en pacientes pediátricos sometidos a un trasplante de hígado, lo que permitiría establecer un tratamiento más intensivo que pudiera mejorar el pronóstico de estos enfermos (AU)


Assuntos
Criança , Humanos , Transplante de Fígado , Cuidados Pós-Operatórios , Índice de Gravidade de Doença , Triancinolona Acetonida , Estudos Prospectivos , Anti-Inflamatórios , Artrite Juvenil , Injeções Intra-Articulares
8.
An. esp. pediatr. (Ed. impr) ; 52(4): 339-345, abr. 2000.
Artigo em Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-2446

RESUMO

OBJETIVO: Valorar la eficacia del pH intramucoso gástrico como guía terapéutica en niños críticamente enfermos.MÉTODOS: Se ensaya un protocolo de tratamiento hemodinámico en 34 niños críticamente enfermos (médicos y quirúrgicos), con el objetivo final de conseguir la normalización del pH intramucoso gástrico. Se comparan las complicaciones hemodinámicas con otro grupo de pacientes críticos tratados de forma convencional.RESULTADOS: El tratamiento administrado para mejorar la oxigenación hística (estabilización hemodinámica, expansión de volumen y perfusión de dobutamina) logró elevar los valores del pH intramucoso gástrico desde 7,25 ñ 0,04 hasta 7,32 ñ 0,13 de media (p = 0,014). Presentaron complicaciones hemodinámicas el 73 por ciento de los niños con valores de pH intramucoso gástrico menor de 7,30. Comparamos estos datos con los de un grupo control de 30 niños críticamente enfermos que fueron tratados según las pautas habituales de la unidad de cuidados intensivos pediátricos. En este grupo, desarrollaron complicaciones hemodinámicas el 93,8 por ciento de los niños con valores de pH intramucoso gástrico inferior a 7,30 (p = 0,048).CONCLUSIÓN: El pH intramucoso gástrico puede ser útil como guía para el tratamiento hemodinámico de niños críticamente enfermos (AU)


Assuntos
Pré-Escolar , Criança , Adolescente , Masculino , Lactente , Recém-Nascido , Feminino , Humanos , Hemodinâmica , Tabagismo , Poluição por Fumaça de Tabaco , Estado Terminal , Transtornos Respiratórios , Algoritmos , Hospitalização , Concentração de Íons de Hidrogênio , Mucosa Gástrica
11.
An Esp Pediatr ; 48(6): 615-9, 1998 Jun.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-9662846

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to know the serum amino acid profiles in children with terminal hepatic diseases and to assess the differences between the two main physiopathological groups of hepatic damage: cholestasis and cellular necrosis. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We studied twenty-six pediatric patients with severe hepatic diseases admitted to the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit. Patients were divided into two groups according to the predominant hepatic lesion: cellular damage (fourteen children) and cholestasis damage (twelve cases). RESULTS: Overall, there is a significant increase in the aromatic amino acids (AAA) phenylalanine (p < 0.04) and tyrosine (p < 0.0003) and a decrease in the branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) leucine, isoleucine and valine (p < 0.00001), with a reduction in the BCAA/AAA ratio (p < 0.00001). However, we found a significant decrease in glutamine, cysteine, taurine, serine, threonine, tryptophan, total amino acids and essential amino acids, together with higher levels of glutamic acid, ornithine and citrulline, which reflects a more complex metabolic disturbance. The group with cholestatic damage shows very low taurine levels (p < 0.0003). Patients with predominantly cellular damage have higher increases in tyrosine (p < 0.01), phenylalanine and hydroxyproline (p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: These findings may help us to better understand the complex physiopathology of amino acid metabolism in different liver diseases. Moreover, the extremely low levels of taurine found prompted us to recommend additional dietary support particularly in children with cholestatic hepatopathy.


Assuntos
Aminoácidos/sangue , Hepatopatias/sangue , Hepatopatias/fisiopatologia , Adolescente , Criança , Feminino , Humanos , Hepatopatias/diagnóstico , Masculino , Índice de Gravidade de Doença
12.
An Esp Pediatr ; 34(3): 211-4, 1991 Mar.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-2064150

RESUMO

19 cases of medical pericarditis admitted to the PICU from 1978 to 1989 were reviewed, to asses the diagnostic and therapeutical approach. The overall incidence is low, 0.32% of the patients admitted to the PICU in that time period. We have found neither tuberculous nor purulent pericarditis, with a 42% of idiopatic forms. Echocardiography was the best method for syndromic diagnosis. The ethiological diagnosis of pericarditis was made, in most cases, by means of non invasive methods or in association with the underlying disease. The cualitative analysis of the pericardial fluid was not useful for the ethiological diagnosis, therefore, we suggest pericardiocentesis should be performed mainly as a therapeutical tool. There were no correlation between the amount of fluid obtained on the first pericardiocentesis and the later incidence of the pericardial effusion. Biopsy brought no ethiological specificity in the cases it was performed.


Assuntos
Pericardite/etiologia , Adolescente , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Exsudatos e Transudatos , Feminino , Humanos , Lactente , Masculino , Derrame Pericárdico , Técnicas de Janela Pericárdica , Pericardite/diagnóstico , Pericardite/diagnóstico por imagem , Ultrassonografia
14.
Crit Care Med ; 16(6): 591-3, 1988 Jun.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-3371023

RESUMO

We determined the ranitidine dosage necessary to maintain gastric pH at or above 4 in 40 critically ill children. The patients were divided into four groups of ten patients each. They were treated with ranitidine in the following dosages: a) 2 mg/kg by NG tube every 12 h; b) 4 mg/kg by NG tube every 12 h; c) 0.75 mg/kg iv every 6 h; d) 1.5 mg/kg iv every 6 h. The fourth group had a higher median pH than the other groups, in spite of also having the highest risk of acute gastric mucosal damage (AGMD). Eight (80%) of ten patients in the fourth group had a pH greater than or equal to 4 or more than 80% of the study period. We recommend 1.5 mg/kg iv every 6 h for gastric acid inhibition in AGMD prophylaxis in children.


Assuntos
Mucosa Gástrica/efeitos dos fármacos , Ranitidina/uso terapêutico , Úlcera Gástrica/prevenção & controle , Adolescente , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Cuidados Críticos , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Feminino , Ácido Gástrico/metabolismo , Humanos , Concentração de Íons de Hidrogênio , Lactente , Recém-Nascido , Injeções Intravenosas , Intubação Gastrointestinal , Masculino , Distribuição Aleatória , Ranitidina/administração & dosagem , Fatores de Risco
SELEÇÃO DE REFERÊNCIAS
DETALHE DA PESQUISA
...