Neurofeedback, pharmacological treatment and behavioral therapy in hyperactivity: multilevel analysis of treatment effects on electroencephalography / Neurofeedback, tratamiento farmacológico y terapia de conducta en hiperactividad: análisis multinivel de los efectos terapéuticos en electroencefalografía

The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy of neurofeedback, pharmacological treatment and behavioral therapy in Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) through a controlled, randomized, multigroup design, with pre-, post- and follow-up treatment phases. The objectives of this study are: a) to analyze individual trajectories over time of each child in treatment, from specific measures of EEG (theta/beta ratio/TBR) considering age and sex and b) to determine the therapeutic effect on attentional and behavioral variables evaluated through the Integrated Visual and Auditory Continuous Performance Test. A total of 57 children (7-14 years) diagnosed with ADHD, were randomly assigned to one of the following experimental conditions: 1) 30 Theta/Beta training sessions, 2) Methylphenidate treatment and, 3) Behavior therapy administered according to a cognitive-behavioral protocol based on manuals. Data were analyzed using a Multilevel Longitudinal Regression Model. Results show that administered treatments are effective and cause similar effects on TBR variable, with no differences between them. However, significant differences were observed in the global attention (p=.002), auditory attention (p=.017) and visual attention (p=.028) (AU)

Se investiga la eficacia del neurofeedback, tratamiento farmacológico y terapia de conducta en el Trastorno por Déficit de Atención con Hiperactividad (TDAH) mediante un diseño multigrupo, aleatorizado y controlado con fases pre, post-tratamiento y seguimiento. Se pretenden los siguientes objetivos: a) analizar las trayectorias individuales a través del tiempo, de cada niño en tratamiento, en la medida del EEG (theta/beta ratio/TBR), considerando edad y sexo, y b) determinar el efecto terapéutico en variables atencionales y conductuales evaluadas mediante el Integrated Visual and Auditory Continuous Performance Test. Participaron 57 niños (7-14 años) diagnosticados con TDAH, asignados aleatoriamente a alguna de las siguientes condiciones experimentales: 1) 30 sesiones de entrenamiento theta/beta, 2) tratamiento con metilfenidato y 3) terapia de conducta, según protocolo basado en manuales. Se ha empleado el Modelo Longitudinal de Regresión Multinivel para análisis de datos. Los resultados muestran que los tratamientos administrados son eficaces y originan efectos similares en la variable TBR, no apreciándose diferencias entre los mismos. Si bien, se observan diferencias significativas en la atención global (p=.002), atención auditiva (p=.017) y atención visual (p=.028) (AU)

Attention and response control in ADHD. Evaluation through integrated visual and auditory continuous performance test.

This study assesses attention and response control through visual and auditory stimuli in a primary care pediatric sample. The sample consisted of 191 participants aged between 7 and 13 years old. It was divided into 2 groups: (a) 90 children with ADHD, according to diagnostic (DSM-IV-TR) (APA, 2002) and clinical (ADHD Rating Scale-IV) (DuPaul, Power, Anastopoulos, & Reid, 1998) criteria, and (b) 101 children without a history of ADHD. The aims were: (a) to determine and compare the performance of both groups in attention and response control, (b) to identify attention and response control deficits in the ADHD group. Assessments were carried out using the Integrated Visual and Auditory Continuous Performance Test (IVA/CPT, Sandford & Turner, 2002). Results showed that the ADHD group had visual and auditory attention deficits, F(3, 170) = 14.38; p < .01, deficits in fine motor regulation (Welch´s t-test = 44.768; p < .001) and sensory/motor activity (Welch'st-test = 95.683, p < .001; Welch's t-test = 79.537, p < .001). Both groups exhibited a similar performance in response control, F(3, 170) = .93, p = .43.Children with ADHD showed inattention, mental processing speed deficits, and loss of concentration with visual stimuli. Both groups yielded a better performance in attention with auditory stimuli.

Neurofeedback, pharmacological treatment and behavioral therapy in hyperactivity: Multilevel analysis of treatment effects on electroencephalography.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy of neurofeedback, pharmacological treatment and behavioral therapy in Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) through a controlled, randomized, multigroup design, with pre-, post- and follow-up treatment phases. The objectives of this study are: a) to analyze individual trajectories over time of each child in treatment, from specific measures of EEG (theta/beta ratio/TBR) considering age and sex and b) to determine the therapeutic effect on attentional and behavioral variables evaluated through the Integrated Visual and Auditory Continuous Performance Test. A total of 57 children (7-14 years) diagnosed with ADHD, were randomly assigned to one of the following experimental conditions: 1) 30 Theta/Beta training sessions, 2) Methylphenidate treatment and, 3) Behavior therapy administered according to a cognitive-behavioral protocol based on manuals. Data were analyzed using a Multilevel Longitudinal Regression Model. Results show that administered treatments are effective and cause similar effects on TBR variable, with no differences between them. However, significant differences were observed in the global attention (p=.002), auditory attention (p=.017) and visual attention (p=.028).

Se investiga la eficacia del neurofeedback, tratamiento farmacológico y terapia de conducta en el Trastorno por Déficit de Atención con Hiperactividad (TDAH) mediante un diseño multigrupo, aleatorizado y controlado con fases pre, post-tratamiento y seguimiento. Se pretenden los siguientes objetivos: a) analizar las trayectorias individuales a través del tiempo, de cada niño en tratamiento, en la medida del EEG (theta/beta ratio/TBR), considerando edad y sexo, y b) determinar el efecto terapéutico en variables atencionales y conductuales evaluadas mediante el Integrated Visual and Auditory Continuous Performance Test. Participaron 57 niños (7-14 años) diagnosticados con TDAH, asignados aleatoriamente a alguna de las siguientes condiciones experimentales: 1) 30 sesiones de entrenamiento theta/beta, 2) tratamiento con metilfenidato y 3) terapia de conducta, según protocolo basado en manuales. Se ha empleado el Modelo Longitudinal de Regresión Multinivel para análisis de datos. Los resultados muestran que los tratamientos administrados son eficaces y originan efectos similares en la variable TBR, no apreciándose diferencias entre los mismos. Si bien, se observan diferencias significativas en la atención global (p=.002), atención auditiva (p=.017) y atención visual (p=.028).

Attention and response control in ADHD. Evaluation through integrated visual and auditory continuous performance test

This study assesses attention and response control through visual and auditory stimuli in a primary care pediatric sample. The sample consisted of 191 participants aged between 7 and 13 years old. It was divided into 2 groups: (a) 90 children with ADHD, according to diagnostic (DSM-IV-TR) (APA, 2002) and clinical (ADHD Rating Scale-IV) (DuPaul, Power, Anastopoulos, & Reid, 1998) criteria, and (b) 101 children without a history of ADHD. The aims were: (a) to determine and compare the performance of both groups in attention and response control, (b) to identify attention and response control deficits in the ADHD group. Assessments were carried out using the Integrated Visual and Auditory Continuous Performance Test (IVA/CPT, Sandford & Turner, 2002). Results showed that the ADHD group had visual and auditory attention deficits, F(3, 170) = 14.38; p < .01, deficits in fine motor regulation (Welch´s t-test = 44.768; p < .001) and sensory/motor activity (Welch’st-test = 95.683, p < .001; Welch’s t-test = 79.537, p < .001). Both groups exhibited a similar performance in response control, F(3, 170) = .93, p = .43.Children with ADHD showed inattention, mental processing speed deficits, and loss of concentration with visual stimuli. Both groups yielded a better performance in attention with auditory stimuli

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Psychological effects observed in child burn patients during the acute phase of hospitalization and comparison with pediatric patients awaiting surgery.

The main aim of this article is to examine, first, the emotional and behavioral reactions in children who have suffered burns, during their first days of hospitalization (N = 103) (ages, 1-17 years and average TBSA%, 12.84). In addition, in relationship to this question, the article compares a group of 33 of these children hospitalized for burns, with children awaiting surgery (N = 36), taking into account that all were awaiting surgery and all were from the same age group (6-14 years). The authors used the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory for Children (STAIC) and the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL). For the population of 103 burn patients, the authors also used the Scale for Anxiety Behavior Observation during Hospitalization for the parents. The majority of children who suffer from burns are younger than 5 years. All present high levels of state anxiety and lower than average levels in trait anxiety. The older children suffer flame burns, which are greater in gravity and pain, require greater hospitalization time, and cause greater emotional and behavioral effects. The results of the comparison group show that the group awaiting minor surgery registered higher state anxiety (STAIC) levels and somatic complaints (CBCL). Where behavior is concerned, the children suffering from burns showed problems of attention and behavior (CBCL). The authors may conclude that the differences with respect to anxiety among child patients suffering from burns and those awaiting minor surgery are linked to the reason for hospital admission.

Psychological impact of burns on children treated in a severe burns unit.

The aims of this study were to analyse the types of incident which cause children's burns, to investigate emotional reactions and associated behaviour afterward and to ascertain post-admission sequelae. A total of 83 young people took part, aged 1-17 years, with a mean 12% (range 1.5-47%, S.D. 8.0) total body surface area burned. According to the results from the psychometric scales and questionnaire used, most burns were the result of domestic incidents. Older children scored higher in anxiety. The most common behavioural reactions observed (attachment, wish to go back home) reflect the particularity of these patients compared with other samples of children in hospital. With respect to post-admission sequelae, no relevant results were obtained.