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Objective@#To identify the 24-hour time allocation patterns of Mongolian junior school students, and to clarify the nature and degree of the influence of the time allocation patterns on the physical fitness of junior school students, so as to provide reference for optimizing and improving the scientific allocation of activity time of young students.@*Methods@#In October 2022, 1 389 Mongolian junior school students aged 13-15 from four schools in Xing an League of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region were selected with stratified cluster sampling method. The 24-hour time utilization of students were collected by using the questionnaire of "China Time Utilization Survey (CTUS) Time Log in 2017" from October 21 to 22, 2022, and physical fitness was evaluated by using the test data of the National Student Physical Health Standard from September to November 2022. Students time allocation patterns were determined by Latent Profile Analysis with Mplus software, and the correlation between the time allocation patterns and the physical fitness was analyzed by multiple linear regression.@*Results@#The time allocation patterns of Mongolian junior school students could be classified into four types:learning type, screen type, diversity type, and sports type, and the population distribution were 24.7%, 18.3%, 9.9% and 47.1%, respectively. Among all gender and age groups, the sports type received highest total score physical fitness, followed by diversified type, learning type, and screen type ( F =72.25-154.94, P <0.01). The results of multiple regression analysis showed that gender, age, and time allocation patterns were significantly related to the total score of physical fitness ( P < 0.05 ). The total score of physical fitness in learning type, diversity type and sports type groups were all higher than that of screen type ( β =5.63, 12.86, 18.03, P <0.05). Moreover, the sports type showed highest effects on the total score of physical fitness, followed by the diversity type and learning type ( B =0.72, 0.31, 0.19, P <0.05).@*Conclusions@#There is a significant correlation between time allocation patterns and physical fitness of Mongolian junior school students, and those in sports type and diversity type of time allocation achieve better physical fitness, while those in learning type and screen type of time allocation shows relatively poorer physical fitness.In order to promote students physical fitness and healthy development, it is suggested to scientifically arrange students time allocation, increase physical activity time, and reduce sedentary activities that are detrimental to health.
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Objective@#To analyze and evaluate the mental health of students in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, so as to provide a reference for conducting mental health education in schools.@*Methods@#A total of 18 867 students aged 9-22 were enrolled from 65 primary and secondary schools and 4 universities in Inner Mongolia that participated in the 2019 National Students Physical Fitness and Health Survey. From September to November 2019, in conjunction with the national student physical health survey, a questionnaire survey of the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale(K10) was carried out.@*Results@#The K10 average score of the survey subjects was (21.96±8.67). The score of the Mongolian nationality(22.57±8.59) was higher than that of the Han nationality(21.53 ±8.70)( t =8.18), the score of rural area (22.42±8.32) was higher than that of the urban area(21.40±9.05)( t = 8.04 ), the primary school students had the lowest score (19.56±8.61) and the senior high school students had the highest score(23.30±8.75)( F =183.26)( P <0.01). In the overall survey subjects, the detection rates of the four levels in good, fair, poor and poor mental health were 25.62%, 28.82%, 26.44% and 19.12%, respectively, and the detection rate of psychological problems was 45.57%. The comparison of the detection rates of mental health problems among attributes showed that the rates of the Han and Mongolian nationalities were 43.27% and 48.85%, respectively( χ 2=101.25); the rates of urban and rural areas were 41.70% and 48.80%, respectively( χ 2=183.44); the rates of the male and the female were 44.88% and 46.26%, respectively( χ 2=19.24)( P < 0.01 ). The prevalence psychological problems among students in primary school, junior high school, senior high school and college were 33.60 %, 49.78%, 52.85% and 47.43%, respectively( χ 2=803.63, P <0.01). Multiple linear regression showed that the detection of psychological problems of Mongolian nationality, urban area, the female and high school students was relatively high. Nationality, urban or rural areas and school stages were the influencing factors of K10 scores[ B(B 95%CI )=0.78(0.05-1.04),0.81( 0.06- 1.06),0.93(0.08-1.03), P <0.05)].@*Conclusion@#Mental health problems are prevalent in adolescents in Inner Mongolia. The government, society, parents and schools should pay more attention to the construction of the software and hardware environment of students mental health, strengthen mental health education and services, and effectively promote the development of students mental health.
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Objective@#To analyze the development status and sensitive periods of Han and Mongolian students physical fitness development in the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, to provide a basis for further research on the growth and development of young students and the selection of athletes.@*Methods@#In 2014, 15 370 Han and Mongolian students from the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, ranging in age from 7 to 18 years old, participated in this study. Data on six physical fitness indices, namely grip strength, 50 meters, standing long jump, 800 meters or 1 000 meters, pull-ups/sit-ups in succession, and sit-and-reach were collected. Furthermore, using the average annual growth rate and the standard deviation of half annual growth rate, critical values and the ages at which sensitive periods occur were calculated to examine the differences in the development of various physical qualities between the two ethnic groups.@*Results@#The students showed different growth rates of various indicators at different ages. A sensitive period for strength occurred in Han and Mongolian boys aged 13-15 years old and 12-15 years old, respectively. Sensitive periods for speed occurred in Han and Mongolian boys aged 8-10, 13, and 15 years and 8, 10, and 13-15 years, respectively. Sensitive periods for endurance occurred in Mongolian girls aged 8, 14, and 18 years. Sensitive periods for flexibility occurred in Han girls aged 13 and 15 years old.@*Conclusion@#Han and Mongolian students experience sensitive periods for different physical qualities at different ages. Moreover, there are apparent ethnic and gender differences that are retained across age groups and several scattered age points that exist alone or interspersed with each other.
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Objective@#The development status and characteristics of height and weight of Japanese, Han and Mongolian students aged 7-18 years in Inner Mongolia in 2014 were analyzed, to explore the ethnic differences in the maximum growth age of height and weight.@*Methods@#The height and weight data of Chinese Han nationality and Mongolian students were from the "2014 survey on the physical fitness and health of students in Inner Mongolia autonomous region". Data on Japanese students were obtained from the "statistical information of the Heisei 26 annual sports survey" of Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology-Japan. The total increase in height and weight, the average increase in height and weight, and the maximum age of growth were calculated, and the ethnic differences of each index were examined.@*Results@#The average height of Han urban boys was 3.02 and 4.09 cm higher than that of Mongolian and Japanese, the height of Han urban girls was 2.34 and 3.99 cm higher respectively. The average height of boys and girls in rural areas of the Han nationality was 1.26 and 1.69 cm higher than that in Japanese (P<0.05). The average weight of urban Han boys was 2.36 and 5.92 kg higher than that of Mongolian and Japanese, Mongolian was 3.55 kg higher than Japanese. The average weight of Han and Mongolian urban girls was 4.12 and 3.99 kg higher than that of Japanese. The average weight of Han and Mongolian boys in rural areas was 2.48 and 1.55 kg higher than that in Japan. The weight of girls in the Han and Mongolian in rural was 1.53 and 2.24 kg higher than that in Japan respectively (P<0.05). Among the three ethnic groups, urban han boys(10.52 years old), urban Japanese girls (9.69 years old), rural Japanese boys (11.51 years old) and rural Japanese girls (9.71 years old) appeared earlier than other ethnic groups in the maximum growth age of height. In terms of maximum growth age of weight, Han urban boys (10.33 years old), Japanese urban girls (9.62 years old) and Japanese rural boys (11.44 years old) appeared the earliest in three nationality, and the maximum growth age of weight in the three ethnic rural girls (10.31-10.80) was basically the same.@*Conclusion@#Han and Mongolian students at the age of 7-18 years were obviously superior to Japanese students in terms of growth and development level of height and weight. The maximum growth age of height and weight of urban Han boys was 1.07 and 1.16 years earlier than that of Japanese, while that of rural Han boys was 0.90 and 0.96 years later. And maximum growth age of height and weight of rural Han girls was about 0.49-0.80 year later than that of Japanese.
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AIMS: Unhealthy eating behavior is a serious health concern among secondary school students in Inner Mongolia. To predict their healthy food choices and devise methods of correcting unhealthy choices, we sought to confirm the cross-cultural validity of the theory of planned behavior among Inner Mongolian students. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A cross-sectional study, conducted between November and December 2014. Overall, 3047 students were enrolled. We devised a questionnaire based on the theory of planned behavior to measure its components (intentions, attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control) in relation to healthy food choices; we also assessed their current engagement in healthy food choices. RESULTS: A principal component analysis revealed high contribution rates for the components (69.32%-88.77%). A confirmatory factor analysis indicated that the components of the questionnaire had adequate model fit (goodness of fit index=0.997, adjusted goodness of fit index=0.984, comparative fit index=0.998, and root mean square error of approximation=0.049). Notably, data from participants within the suburbs did not support the theory of planned behavior construction. Several paths did not predict the hypothesis variables. However, attitudes toward healthy food choices strongly predicted behavioral intention (path coefficients 0.49-0.77, p<0.01), regardless of demographic characteristics. CONCLUSION: Our results support that the theory of planned behavior can apply to secondary school students in urban areas. Furthermore, attitudes towards healthy food choices were the best predictor of behavioral intentions to engage in such choices in Inner Mongolian students.
