Reduced latency but no increased brain tumor penetrance in mice with astrocyte specific expression of a human p53 mutant.

p53-germline mutations located in the core DNA-binding domain have been associated with a more dominant tumor penetrance especially for breast cancer and brain tumors. We previously reported an unusual accumulation of CNS tumors associated with a unique p53 germline mutation, Y236delta (deletion of codon 236). To test whether this tissue-specific tumor predisposition reflects a gain-of-function activity of Y236delta, we generated transgenic mice expressing Y236delta in astrocytes using the regulatory elements of the glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) gene. After transplacental exposure to N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea (25 mg/kg BW) brain tumors developed in 18% (7/39) of GFAP-Y236delta transgenic p53-/- mice, while in p53+/- mice the incidence was 28% (11/40) (P>0.3). However, the mean tumor latency for GFAP-Y236delta/p53+/- mice was significantly shorter than for p53+/- mice, with 19.9 weeks vs 31.6 weeks (P=0.039), respectively. Taken together, cell specific expression of Y236delta results in an acceleration of tumor progression but does not confer a higher tumor penetrance. Conceivably, the transdominant effect of Y236delta provided a growth advantage early in the progression of neoplastic cells, since the endogenous p53 wild-type allele was lost in all brain tumors independent of the genotype. This reflects well observations from human astrocytic neoplasms with p53 mutations.

Tunable-laser performance in BeAl(2)O(4):Cr(3+).

Broadly tunable laser operation has been obtained at room temperature from the vibronic bands of single-crystal BeAl(2)O(4):Cr(3+) under Xe-flashlamp excitation. Continuous tuning is obtained from 701 to 794 nm, with maximum power at 750 nm. Long-pulse operation employing 6.3-mm x 76-mm rods easily provides 500 mJ in 200-microsec bursts, whereas 70-mJ, 120-nsec pulses are obtained under Q-switch operation.