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1.
Mol Psychiatry ; 26(3): 955-973, 2021 03.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30992540

RESUMO

Social deficits are common in many psychiatric disorders. However, due to inadequate tools for manipulating circuit activity in humans and unspecific paradigms for modeling social behaviors in rodents, our understanding of the molecular and circuit mechanisms mediating social behaviors remains relatively limited. Using human functional neuroimaging and rodent fiber photometry, we identified a mOFC-BLA projection that modulates social approach behavior and influences susceptibility to social anxiety. In humans and knock-in mice with a loss of function BDNF SNP (Val66Met), the functionality of this circuit was altered, resulting in social behavioral changes in human and mice. We further showed that the development of this circuit is disrupted in BDNF Met carriers due to insufficient BDNF bioavailability, specifically during a peri-adolescent timeframe. These findings define one mechanism by which social anxiety may stem from altered maturation of orbitofronto-amygdala projections and identify a developmental window in which BDNF-based interventions may have therapeutic potential.


Assuntos
Fator Neurotrófico Derivado do Encéfalo , Polimorfismo de Nucleotídeo Único , Adolescente , Tonsila do Cerebelo , Animais , Fator Neurotrófico Derivado do Encéfalo/genética , Medo , Humanos , Camundongos
2.
Psychiatry Res ; 270: 1059-1067, 2018 12.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29910020

RESUMO

Faces are often used in psychological and neuroimaging research to assess perceptual and emotional processes. Most available stimulus sets, however, represent minimal diversity in both race and ethnicity, which may confound understanding of these processes in diverse/racially heterogeneous samples. Having a diverse stimulus set of faces and emotional expressions could mitigate these biases and may also be useful in research that specifically examines the effects of race and ethnicity on perceptual, emotional and social processes. The racially diverse affective expression (RADIATE) face stimulus set is designed to provide an open-access set of 1,721 facial expressions of Black, White, Hispanic and Asian adult models. Moreover, the diversity of this stimulus set reflects census data showing a change in demographics in the United States from a white majority to a nonwhite majority by 2020. Psychometric results are provided describing the initial validity and reliability of the stimuli based on judgments of the emotional expressions.


Assuntos
Asiático , Negro ou Afro-Americano , Expressão Facial , Reconhecimento Facial , Hispânico ou Latino , Estimulação Luminosa/métodos , População Branca , Adolescente , Adulto , Diversidade Cultural , Emoções , Feminino , Humanos , Julgamento , Masculino , Psicometria , Grupos Raciais , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Pesquisa , Adulto Jovem
3.
Dev Cogn Neurosci ; 32: 43-54, 2018 08.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29567376

RESUMO

The ABCD study is recruiting and following the brain development and health of over 10,000 9-10 year olds through adolescence. The imaging component of the study was developed by the ABCD Data Analysis and Informatics Center (DAIC) and the ABCD Imaging Acquisition Workgroup. Imaging methods and assessments were selected, optimized and harmonized across all 21 sites to measure brain structure and function relevant to adolescent development and addiction. This article provides an overview of the imaging procedures of the ABCD study, the basis for their selection and preliminary quality assurance and results that provide evidence for the feasibility and age-appropriateness of procedures and generalizability of findings to the existent literature.


Assuntos
Desenvolvimento do Adolescente/fisiologia , Encéfalo/diagnóstico por imagem , Cognição/fisiologia , Adolescente , Encéfalo/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino
4.
Dev Psychobiol ; 60(3): 292-302, 2018 04.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29388187

RESUMO

Developmental scientists have examined the independent effects of peer presence, social cues, and rewards on adolescent decision-making and cognitive control. Yet, these contextual factors often co-occur in real world social situations. The current study examined the combined effects of all three factors on cognitive control, and its underlying neural circuitry, using a task to better capture adolescents' real world social interactions. A sample of 176 participants ages 13-25, was scanned while performing an adapted go/no-go task alone or in the presence of a virtual peer. The task included brief positive social cues and sustained periods of positive arousal. Adolescents showed diminished cognitive control to positive social cues when anticipating a reward in the presence of peers relative to when alone, a pattern not observed in older participants. This behavioral pattern was paralleled by enhanced orbitofrontal activation. The results demonstrate the synergistic impact of social and reward influences on cognitive control in adolescents.


Assuntos
Comportamento do Adolescente/fisiologia , Sinais (Psicologia) , Função Executiva/fisiologia , Relações Interpessoais , Influência dos Pares , Córtex Pré-Frontal/fisiologia , Desempenho Psicomotor/fisiologia , Recompensa , Adolescente , Adulto , Feminino , Humanos , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética , Masculino , Córtex Pré-Frontal/diagnóstico por imagem , Adulto Jovem
5.
Dev Cogn Neurosci ; 24: 93-106, 2017 04.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28279917

RESUMO

Developmental differences regarding decision making are often reported in the absence of emotional stimuli and without context, failing to explain why some individuals are more likely to have a greater inclination toward risk. The current study (N=212; 10-25y) examined the influence of emotional context on underlying functional brain connectivity over development and its impact on risk preference. Using functional imaging data in a neutral brain-state we first identify the "brain age" of a given individual then validate it with an independent measure of cortical thickness. We then show, on average, that "brain age" across the group during the teen years has the propensity to look younger in emotional contexts. Further, we show this phenotype (i.e. a younger brain age in emotional contexts) relates to a group mean difference in risk perception - a pattern exemplified greatest in young-adults (ages 18-21). The results are suggestive of a specified functional brain phenotype that relates to being at "risk to be risky."


Assuntos
Encéfalo/fisiopatologia , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética/métodos , Adolescente , Adulto , Criança , Emoções , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Risco , Adulto Jovem
6.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A ; 113(16): 4500-5, 2016 Apr 19.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27001846

RESUMO

Anxiety disorders peak in incidence during adolescence, a developmental window that is marked by dynamic changes in gene expression, endocannabinoid signaling, and frontolimbic circuitry. We tested whether genetic alterations in endocannabinoid signaling related to a common polymorphism in fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH), which alters endocannabinoid anandamide (AEA) levels, would impact the development of frontolimbic circuitry implicated in anxiety disorders. In a pediatric imaging sample of over 1,000 3- to 21-y-olds, we show effects of the FAAH genotype specific to frontolimbic connectivity that emerge by ∼12 y of age and are paralleled by changes in anxiety-related behavior. Using a knock-in mouse model of the FAAH polymorphism that controls for genetic and environmental backgrounds, we confirm phenotypic differences in frontoamygdala circuitry and anxiety-related behavior by postnatal day 45 (P45), when AEA levels begin to decrease, and also, at P75 but not before. These results, which converge across species and level of analysis, highlight the importance of underlying developmental neurobiology in the emergence of genetic effects on brain circuitry and function. Moreover, the results have important implications for the identification of risk for disease and precise targeting of treatments to the biological state of the developing brain as a function of developmental changes in gene expression and neural circuit maturation.


Assuntos
Endocanabinoides/metabolismo , Lobo Frontal/metabolismo , Lobo Límbico/metabolismo , Rede Nervosa/metabolismo , Transdução de Sinais/fisiologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Animais , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Feminino , Lobo Frontal/citologia , Humanos , Lobo Límbico/citologia , Masculino , Camundongos , Camundongos Transgênicos , Rede Nervosa/citologia , Especificidade da Espécie
7.
Psychol Sci ; 27(4): 549-62, 2016 Apr.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26911914

RESUMO

An individual is typically considered an adult at age 18, although the age of adulthood varies for different legal and social policies. A key question is how cognitive capacities relevant to these policies change with development. The current study used an emotional go/no-go paradigm and functional neuroimaging to assess cognitive control under sustained states of negative and positive arousal in a community sample of one hundred ten 13- to 25-year-olds from New York City and Los Angeles. The results showed diminished cognitive performance under brief and prolonged negative emotional arousal in 18- to 21-year-olds relative to adults over 21. This reduction in performance was paralleled by decreased activity in fronto-parietal circuitry, implicated in cognitive control, and increased sustained activity in the ventromedial prefrontal cortex, involved in emotional processes. The findings suggest a developmental shift in cognitive capacity in emotional situations that coincides with dynamic changes in prefrontal circuitry. These findings may inform age-related social policies.


Assuntos
Nível de Alerta , Encéfalo/diagnóstico por imagem , Cognição , Emoções , Rede Nervosa/diagnóstico por imagem , Adolescente , Adulto , Mapeamento Encefálico/métodos , Feminino , Humanos , Processamento de Imagem Assistida por Computador/métodos , Los Angeles , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética , Masculino , Cidade de Nova Iorque , Tempo de Reação , Adulto Jovem
8.
J Cogn Neurosci ; 28(3): 446-59, 2016 Mar.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26601909

RESUMO

Typically in the laboratory, cognitive and emotional processes are studied separately or as a stream of fleeting emotional stimuli embedded within a cognitive task. Yet in life, thoughts and actions often occur in more lasting emotional states of arousal. The current study examines the impact of emotions on actions using a novel behavioral paradigm and functional neuroimaging to assess cognitive control under sustained states of threat (anticipation of an aversive noise) and excitement (anticipation of winning money). Thirty-eight healthy adult participants were scanned while performing an emotional go/no-go task with positive (happy faces), negative (fearful faces), and neutral (calm faces) emotional cues, under threat or excitement. Cognitive control performance was enhanced during the excited state relative to a nonarousing control condition. This enhanced performance was paralleled by heightened activity of frontoparietal and frontostriatal circuitry. In contrast, under persistent threat, cognitive control was diminished when the valence of the emotional cue conflicted with the emotional state. Successful task performance in this conflicting emotional condition was associated with increased activity in the posterior cingulate cortex, a default mode network region implicated in complex processes such as processing emotions in the context of self and monitoring performance. This region showed positive coupling with frontoparietal circuitry implicated in cognitive control, providing support for a role of the posterior cingulate cortex in mobilizing cognitive resources to improve performance. These findings suggest that emotional states of arousal differentially modulate cognitive control and point to the potential utility of this paradigm for understanding effects of situational and pathological states of arousal on behavior.


Assuntos
Córtex Cerebral/fisiologia , Emoções/fisiologia , Função Executiva/fisiologia , Neuroimagem Funcional/métodos , Desempenho Psicomotor/fisiologia , Adulto , Antecipação Psicológica , Expressão Facial , Feminino , Giro do Cíngulo/fisiologia , Humanos , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética , Masculino , Adulto Jovem
9.
PLoS One ; 10(6): e0128047, 2015.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26030134

RESUMO

Individuals learn which of their actions are likely to be rewarded through trial and error. This form of learning is critical for adapting to new situations, which adolescents frequently encounter. Adolescents are also greatly influenced by their peers. The current study tested the extent to which adolescents rely on peer advice to guide their actions. Adolescent and young adult participants completed a probabilistic learning task in which they chose between four pairs of stimuli with different reinforcement probabilities, with one stimulus in each pair more frequently rewarded. Participants received advice about two of these pairs, once from a similarly aged peer and once from an older adult. Crucially, this advice was inaccurate, enabling the dissociation between experience-based and instruction-based learning. Adolescents and adults learned equally well from experience and no age group difference was evident in the overall influence of advice on choices. Surprisingly, when considering the source of advice, there was no evident influence of peer advice on adolescent choices. However, both adolescents and adults were biased toward choosing the stimulus recommended by the older adult. Contrary to conventional wisdom, these data suggest that adolescents may prioritize the advice of older adults over that of peers in certain decision-making contexts.


Assuntos
Comportamento de Escolha , Aprendizagem , Grupo Associado , Adolescente , Adulto , Feminino , Humanos , Inteligência , Masculino , Probabilidade , Recompensa
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