Disseminated Nocardia transvalensis complex and farcinica: First case in an immunocompetent.

Background: Nocardiae is an opportunistic infection mainly of the immunocompromised patient without sparing the immunocompetent subject or without any identified risk factors. They can be localized or disseminated. The extreme rarity of this infection often results in a deleterious diagnostic delay. Case presentation: We report a first case of community acquired pneumonia with asymptomatic disseminated brain abscess due to Nocardia transvalensis/wallacei and farcinica in an immunocompetent man. The patient fully recovered after receiving optimized antimicrobial therapy. Conclusions: This case suggests that health care professionals should always evoke this diagnosis when confronted to atypical community-acquired pneumonia, even in immunocompetent patients.

A Fatal Case Coronavirus Disease 2019 - Associated Acute Hemorrhagic Necrotizing Encephalopathy.

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been reported in association with a variety of brain imaging findings such as acute hemorrhagic necrotizing encephalopathy. To the best of our knowledge, we are reporting a second case of acute necrotizing hemorrhagic encephalopathy associated with COVID-19, which was fatal in a few hours in a 56-year-old male without a specific history. We claim that this case is important because this case shows that the unconscious patients are potentially infected by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and might cause the horizontal infection. In order to end the pandemic of SARS-CoV-2 diseases, the diagnosis of the disease must be prompt and not overlook any findings. We think that diffusion magnetic resonance imaging is a promising and useful sequence to evaluate the changes in brain tissue in the acute necrotizing encephalopathy.

Tetraventricular Hydrocephalus Following Eosinophilic Meningitis due to Angiostrongylus cantonensis in a 14-Month-Old Boy From Mayotte: A Case Report.

Angiostrongylus cantonensis is endemic in Mayotte, and cases of meningitis due to angiostrongyliasis are regularly diagnosed in young children. In a 14-month-old boy with slow-onset psychomotor regression, brain magnetic resonance imaging revealed communicating hydrocephalus. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction for A. cantonensis on cerebrospinal fluid was positive. The evolution was favorable with repeated lumbar punctures and a 2-week treatment with albendazole and high-dose corticosteroids.

Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis after dengue.

Dengue fever, transmitted by Aedes aegypti mosquitoes, is one of the most common vector-borne disease. Its incidence is increasing steadily worldwide, becoming a major public health problem in the tropical and subtropical zone. Neurological manifestations after dengue are not very common and acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) following dengue infections is rare with a few cases documented in literature. Clinical characteristics and typical lesions of ADEM on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of brain along with serologic positivity for dengue usually confirm the diagnosis. We report a case of ADEM which developed as a neurological complication of dengue during an epidemic in a 39-year-old woman.