[Older age vitality and retirement (literature review).]

The article provides a review of research literature on the social and psychological peculiarities of working and non-working pensioners with additional new data on their life quality. Six psychographic profiles of pensioners based on their post-retirement activities and motivations for new life path choices were described and examined, enabling identification of the subjects' personality types. These data are essential for psychologists and social workers consulting people approaching retirement age and recent retirees on their retirement lifestyle, ways to organize their working life and effective (creative) pastime, including career development later in life, without sacrificing their physical and mental health. The article looks at the main reasons behind continuing work after retirement thereby supplementing the existing knowledge on post-retirement work motivations. It is important to consider the data obtained when designing public policies on post-retirement work promotion. In its psychological aspect, the process of settling into retirement is similar to the emotional phases associated with the transitional periods of human life. After quitting work, almost all retirees face them in one form or another. Their ability to navigate the process is what will eventually determine how they will spend this stage of their lives. The article analyzes five stages of retirement.

[Physical rehabilitation for degenerative-dystrophic diseases of the hip joint in elderly and senile people (stage 1).]

Changes in the age structure of the planet's population are leading to an increase in the number of geriatric patients requiring replacement of large joints. Age-related weakness, loss of muscle mass, testosterone deficiency, excess weight, and the presence of concomitant diseases make the process of rehabilitation treatment labor-intensive and lead to various complications. The purpose of our work was to evaluate the effectiveness of the modernized method of physical therapy at the first stage of rehabilitation treatment in elderly and senile patients with osteoarthritis of the hip joint. All patients received standard complex therapy, including orthopedic treatment methods, drug therapy, myostimulation, massage, and manual therapy. For patients in the main group, in addition to the traditional complex, the method of physical therapy according to the stated method was added and it was recommended to wear compression hosiery (stockings) while performing the exercises. The advantage of the technique is the absence of complications and side effects, which is an important component compared to other methods of restorative treatment. Minimum costs, general availability and autonomy of performing exercises, high results achieved during the treatment process confirm the value and importance of creating similar techniques for other large joints. The developed method of physical therapy has shown its effectiveness and relevance among elderly patients and can be recommended for use among different population groups as a method of restorative treatment of osteoarthritis of the hip joint.

New Spin-Polarized Electron Source Based on Alkali Antimonide Photocathode.

New spin-dependent photoemission properties of alkali antimonide semiconductor cathodes are predicted based on the detected optical spin orientation effect and DFT band structure calculations. Using these results, the Na_{2}KSb/Cs_{3}Sb heterostructure is designed as a spin-polarized electron source in combination with the Al_{0.11}Ga_{0.89}As target as a spin detector with spatial resolution. In the Na_{2}KSb/Cs_{3}Sb photocathode, spin-dependent photoemission properties were established through detection of a high degree of photoluminescence polarization and high polarization of the photoemitted electrons. It was found that the multi-alkali photocathode can provide electron beams with emittance very close to the limits imposed by the electron thermal energy. The vacuum tablet-type sources of spin-polarized electrons have been proposed for accelerators, which can exclude the construction of the photocathode growth chambers for photoinjectors.

Early outcomes of using custom-made augments in revision total hip arthroplasty.

INTRODUCTION: The continuing high demand for revision total hip arthroplasty (RTHA) requires not only additional economic costs, but also the search for new, effective methods to manage the reconstruction of acetabular bone loss. This study focuses on the assessment of the clinical and radiographic outcomes after RTHA using custom-made augments (CMA) in the short-term follow-up period. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed the results of using CMAs in 19 patients (20 hips). The average follow-up period was 41.3 months. All surgery was performed on defect types III and IV as per the Gross and Saleh classification. RESULTS: There was a statistically significant difference when comparing the Oxford Hip Score before RTHA of 15.0 (Std. deviation-5.9) and after RTHA of 36.3 (Std. deviation-6.3) (p = 0.01). All implants were radiologically stable. CMA has demonstrated a good ability to restore position of hip centre of rotation (HCOR). In the postoperative period, two patients (2 hips) had dislocations. Only one of two patients underwent re-revision due to dislocation. CONCLUSION: Treatment of uncontained loss of bone stock in RTHA using CMA shows promising clinical and radiographic results at short-term follow-up period; however, dislocation rate is 10% in this study.

[Factors Affecting the Labeling of NIH 3T3 Cells with Magnetic Nanoparticles].

The factors that affect the labeling of NIH 3T3 murine fibroblasts with Fe3O4-based magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) were studied using MNPs produced by the gas condensation and solution precipitation methods and MNPs surface-modified with 3-aminopropylsilane or L-lysine. The production method, surface modifications, the particle concentration and size, the state of the cell population, and the method of MNP introduction were found to substantially affect the efficiency of MNP binding by cells. In particular, large MNP clusters may occur in MNP suspensions in DMSO, and their disruption by sonication increased the percent yield of magnetically labeled cells. Static incubation of a cell suspension led to a more efficient labeling as compared with continuous agitation. Cells attached to a plastic support could be labeled to a higher degree than cells in suspension, but required substantially longer incubations with MNPs. MNP centrifugation on cell layers (magnetic spinoculation) significantly increased the rate and efficiency of labeling. The stability of magnetic labeling was shown to depend on the MNP dose during labeling. Electron microscopy studies demonstrated that MNPs were associated with the cell surface after 20-min incubation with cells and were mostly in the cell interior after 4-h incubation. The results of the study may be useful for preparation and application of magnetized cell samples.

[Diagnostics of early signs of ocular pathology in patients with HIV/tuberculosis co-infection]. / Diagnostika rannikh priznakov patologii organa zreniia u patsientov s koinfektsiei VICh/tuberkulez.

INTRODUCTION: The current epidemic situation in Russia is characterized by increasing rate of co-infection (HIV/tuberculosis). Damage to the organ of vision is more common among patients with this pathology, presenting significant difficulties in diagnosis of the ophthalmic manifestations. High-tech imaging method - optical coherence tomography (OCT) allows exploration of the eye tissues with high accuracy and depth, as well as evaluation of the structure of the choroid and microcirculation parameters of the anterior and posterior eye segments.

[Murine and human hematopoietic progenitor cultures grown on stromal layers expressing Notch ligands].

The ex vivo maintenance and expansion of hematopoietic stem cells and early progenitors is necessary for the successful treatment of hematopoietic and immune diseases. Multiple attempts to improve the expansion of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) by their cultivation in the presence of growth factor cocktails have so far failed. Novel approaches aimed at conserving the earliest precursors in their undifferentiated state are needed. These approaches should take into account local regulatory factors that are present in the HSC microenvironment and the three-dimensional architecture of their niche. In the present study, we compared the effects of two Notch ligands, i.e., Jagged1 and DLL1, on murine and human hematopoiesis in vitro. Our observations indicate that the stromal expression of Notch ligands increases the production of both the total and phenotypically early murine and human hematopoietic cells in the co-culture. On one hand, this study demonstrates the similarity of effects of stromal expression of Notch ligands on murine and human hematopoiesis in vitro. On the other hand, our study revealed a number of cell type and ligand-specific variations that are systematically described below. It seems that the effects of SCF cytokine addition on murine hematopoiesis in vitro depend on the stromal context and are oppositely directed for Jagged1 and DLL1.

[Modern approaches to the primary prevention of the development of psychoactive substance dependence on the base of accounting of environmental and genetic risk factors].

In the work there was performed an assessment of the interaction of microsocial and genetic factors of the development of psychoactive substance (PS) dependence. The objects of the psycho-hygienic and molecular-genetic studies were 538 male patients from the specialized diagnostic and treatment center at the age from 17 to 65 years with a diagnosis of "PS dependence" according to F10-F09 in the ICD-10. There were determined personality predictors of early (before 25 years) manifestation of systematic abuse, such as low self-control, individualisticity, authoritarianism, unjustified optimism and reduced capacity for social adaptation. Manifestation of the PS dependence at an early age (25 years) is determined by the contribution of genotype 9R+ DAT gene in the combination with other predisposing genotypes A1 + DRD2/ANKK1, SS SERT and 7R+ DRD. The risk of development of PS dependence at a more younger age increases with the superimposition of individual predisposing genotypes ranging from 1,2 (7R+ gene DRD4) to 1,9 (A1 + gene DRD2/ANKK10 on a destructive milieu. Pairwise combinations of genotypes 7R+ DRD4 x A1+ DRD2, 7R+ DRD4 x 9R+ DAT, 9R+ DAT x A1+ DRD2, 9R+ DAT x SS SERT significantly increase the risk by 2 or more times (2.5-2.8). There was suggested an algorithm for the prenosological forecast of the development of PS dependence in adolescents and young men.

[The synthesis of RGD peptide derivatives containing glutaric and adipic residues].

A method of the synthesis of RGD peptide derivatives containing glutaric or adipic residues linked with α-amino group of L-arginine and allowing carrying out their coupling with other biomolecules and nanoparticles.

[The first clinical experience with a new type of stents -scaffolds, under optical coherence tomography guidance].

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the first clinical experience with new types of stents, absorbable carcasses (scaffolds), under guidance of intravascular imaging techniques. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The paper gives the authors' experience in implanting eight Absorb BVS scaffolds in three patients during one operating session. All operations were performed under intravascular imaging guidance: three patients underwent 8 examinations of four vessels, by using optical coherence tomography (OCT) and 2 did using intravascular ultrasound study (IVUSS). RESULTS: The investigation demonstrated the possibility of implanting two devices partially applied to cover longer lesion lengths, the use of scaffolds after occlusion recanalization, and that of rather high pressure values to adapt a carcass if predilation was adequately performed. In one of the cases, control OCT could reveal timely the signs of extensive prolapse and early thrombosis, which had been unrecorded by angiography and IVUSS. To correct of the occurring problem, implantation of the second absorbable carcass into the first one was first successfully used by optimally adapting the girders and completely correcting the prolapse. CONCLUSION: The absorbable scaffolds may potentially signify a new stage in the development of interventional cardiology. However, their use requires the careful adherence of implantation specifications and primarily the accurate estimation of vessel sizes and accordingly a device that may be needed. The application of absorbable carcasses makes higher standards for the equipment and experience of interventional laboratories that plan their use. The possibility of using intravascular imaging is one the priorities in this series.

[Characteristics of central nervous system activity in patients with complications of arterial hypertension and dependence on psychomotor status and treatment].

Changes in certain CNS characteristics were used as indicators of the efficacy of antihypertensive therapy (AHT) both targeted (T-AHT) and empirical (E-AHT) designed to suppress activity of the sympathetic component of vegetative nervous system (VNS) and renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in patients of different psychic status and AH. A group of 835 men (mean age 54.2+-1.8yr) was divided into cholerics, sanguinics, melancholics and phlegmatics with a high and low anxiety level (HA and LA). 416 healthy men served as controls. The following parameters were estimated: mobility of cortical processes, balance between sympathetic and parasympathetic activities, blood corrisol and aldosterone levels, oxygen utilization coefficient, resistance to breath holding, severity of dyscirculatory encephalopathy and the fraction of patients with AH complications during 12 month T-AHT for the suppression of sympathetic activity in cholerics and sanguinics by beta-adrenoblockers and PAA C- ACE inhibitors in phlegmatics and melancholics and during E-AHT (ACE inhibitors in cholerics and sanguinics, BAB in phlegmatics and melancholics). The functional activity of CNS in phlegmatics and melancholics before and during AHT was lower and severity of encephalopathy and the number ofAH complications higher than in cholerics and sanguinics. . The changes wiere more pronounced in patients with HA than in those with LA. Unlike E-AHT T-AHT (anxiolytics for cholerics and sanguinics with HA, antidepressants for phlegmatics and melancholics with HA) normalized the study parameters and decreased the frequency of complications by 2-3 times.

[Molecular criteria in insects systematics: bar-coding gene COI range of variability as a taxonomic criterion for genus, tribe, and subfamily, with Chironominae and Orthocladiinae midges (Chironomidae, Diptera) as a case study].

Contemporary systematics of insects is based mainly on morphological traits. However, their usage is limited both by high variability and complications in comparisons of remote taxa due to low number of common traits. In whole, this leads to a somewhat subjective view when elaborating the system. Unlike morphological ones, molecular traits of taxa, revealed by use of marker genes such as gene cytochrome-c-oxidase I (COI), are less variable and more uniform, which allows them to be used as a criterion of genus, tribe, and subfamily for a wide range of organisms. Application of molecular criteria appears to be all the more important when constructing the system for groups of organisms with high morphological and specific diversity, such as midges (Chironomidae, Diptera). Last years, the DNA-sequence of gene COI is becoming widely used for species identification as a bar-coding one. Its use as a criterion for taxa of super-species level is hampered by its high nucleotide variability. We established the bounds of COI nucleotide and aminoacid divergence between midge species of Chironominae subfamily belonging to the same genus, same tribe, different tribes, as well as between species of Chironominae and Orthocladiinae subfamilies. It is shown that the level of aminoacid divergence reflects molecular boundaries of genus and tribe better than nucleotide one. It can be stated that if the level of aminoacid divergence falls within the limits from 0 to 1.7% then a pair of species compared belongs to the same genus; if it falls within the limits from 1.7 to 4.0% then they belong to the same tribe; within the limits from 4.6 to 6.3%--to different tribes; if it exceeds 7.9%--to different subfamilies. The accuracy of identification when using these ranges turns out to be not less than 75%. In this regard, bounds of COI sequence aminoacid divergence may be used as taxonomic criteria for midge genus, tribe or subfamily.

[Peculiarities of postural balance among elderly men with fear of falling syndrome].

A comparative study of postural balance among elderly men of 65-85 years old with postural instability and an equal number of falls, experiencing and not experiencing the fear of the probability of falling was conducted. Analysis of the data of computer stabilometery found that men fearing to fall in all functional tests had medium speed indicators of general center of mass (GCM), the mean radius of GCMs indicators significantly higher and indicators of mean half-period fluctuations of GCMs in the sagittal and frontal areas were significantly less than among men of similar age not fearing to fall down. These results indicate that the emergence of feelings of fear of possible falls among elderly and senile patients with postural instability has an objective basis in the form of more severe violations of the postural control system in comparison with those that do not face the fear of the probability of falling.

[New effects of telmisartan, an angiotensin 2 receptor blocker, in the treatment of arterial hypertension with metabolic disorders].

The authors undertook comparative analysis of the effica,cy and safety of PPARv-activating angiotensin-2 receptor blocker telmisartan (40--80 mg/day) in 80 patients with arterial hypertension (AH) and metabolic disorders (MD). Holter monitoring revealed a more pronounced anti-hypertensive effect of telmisartan compared with enalapril in patients with AH, MD, and compromised renal function. Similarly, telmisartan exerted more apparent positive effect on lipid and carbohydrate metabolism and had renoprotective action in patients with nephrogenic AH (it decreased proteinuria, stabilized creatinine clearance and serum potassium level whereas enalapril caused further deterioration of these parameters). It is concluded that telmisratan is more effective and safer than enalapril in patients with AH and MD.

[Molecular phylogeny and the time of divergence of minges (Chironomidae, Nematocera, Diptera) inferred from a partial nucleotide sequence of the cytochrome oxidase I gene (COI)].

This is the first study to infer the phylogenetic structure of minges of the subfamily Chironominae from the amino acid sequence of cytochrome oxidase I (COI). The subdivision of Chironominae into two tribes, Chironomini and Tanytarsini, has been confirmed. The segregation of the genera Pseudochironomus and Riethia into a separate tribe has not been confirmed. Stenochironomus gibbus forms a branch considerably deviating from the subfamily Chironominae. The genus Micropsectra is formed by a large polyphyletic cluster that also includes the genera Virgotanytharsus, Reotanytharsus, Kenopsectra, and Parapsectra. Tanytarsus is the basal genus of the tribe Tanytarsini. The times of divergence of the main taxa of Chironominae have been estimated. The calculated time of divergence of the genus Chironomus disproves the assumption that it is phylogenetically old.

[Oxygen consumption by resting humans at different Elbrus altitudes].

The purpose of the work was to test experimentally the "hypoxic paradox" of growing or constant oxygen consumption by normal humans exposed to O2-deficient environments. The objective was to perform thorough statistical analysis of O2 consumption at two altitudes above sea level under the conditions of close to basic metabolism, and to develop an analytical expression for adequate description of O2 consumption dependence on altitude above seal level. The investigation was fulfilled in August, 2009 at the altitudes of 2224 and 4200 m on Elbrus flanks with participation of 4 volunteers. It was shown that O2 consumption by resting humans decreases with altitude, i.e. the "hypoxic paradox" is invalid. An analytical expression was proposed to describe change in O2 consumption in the interval of altitudes from 0 to 4200 m above sea level.

[Renal function after surgical treatment of stag-horned nephrolithiasis].

Renal function in patients with stag-horn nephrolithiasis was assessed after two surgical treatments--percutaneous nephrolitholapaxy (PCN L) and pyelonephrolithotomy. The function of the operated and contralateral kidneys was studied early and late after operation by parameters of blood biochemistry, Doppler investigation of renal parenchyma, dynamic nephroscintigraphy. Stabilization or improvement of blood biochemical indices was observed in 58 (70%) patients. A secretory renal function late after surgery (from 6 months to 2 years) evidenced for improvement or stabilization of renal function (according to radionuclide test) in 71 (85.5%) patients. Integral parameters of renal blood flow were physiological or improved versus preoperative ones. PCNL was made in patients with deficient secretion less than 70%, 35 (87.5%) patients were diagnosed to have stabilization or functional improvement. After open intervention functional improvement took place in 11 (25.6%) patients, stabilization of renal function occurred in 25 (58.1%) patients. Tubular secretion deterioration was seen much more frequently in patients after open intervention. PCNL is less invasive surgical intervention than pyelonephrolithotomy as this technique produces milder surgical trauma and does not result in intraoperative renal ischemia. PCNL is the most effective surgical modality in stag-horn concrements of the kidneys and significantly expands potential of low-invasive treatment of such patients.

[Association between dopamine (DRD2) and serotonin (5HTR2A) gene polymorphisms with the indicators of adolescent behavior adaptiveness].

The paper gives the results of a study of the impact of dopamine (DRD2) and serotonin (5HTR2A) genes on the development of personality characteristics in adolescents, by applying the Cattell (16PF) questionnaire. The study was performed in a group of 360 Moscow teenagers (185 girls and 175 boys) aged 14-17 years. The boys carrying the A1 allelle of the DRD2 gene were found to have a lower self-control, indiscipline, and impulsiveness. An association between the indicators of unconscientiousness, social introversion, and group independence was established in the girls with the G/G genotype of the 5HTR2A gene. Thus, gender differences have been revealed from the impact of dopamine and serotonin gene polymorphisms on the teenagers' personality characteristics that characterize the forms of disadaptive behavior, such as unconscientiousness, indiscipline, low self-control, and impulsiveness.