[Principle directions for the creation and organization of the system of sanitary-epidemiological safety during the preparations for the XXII Olympic Winter Games and XI Paralympic Winter Games 2014 in Sochi].

The paper generalizes the experience of formation of protection system against biological threats and ensuring sanitary and epidemiological welfare during preparation for the XXII Olympic Winter Games and XI Paralympic Winter Games of 2014 in Sochi. The basic steps for creating this system, since 2007, participation and role of Rospotrebnadzor in this process are shown. The paper deals with such questions as the governmental and administrative structures with federal agencies interaction, development of a regulatory framework governing the safety system of the Olympic Games, development of algorithms of information exchange and management decisions, biological safety in developing infrastructure in Sochi.

[Variants of the immunoreactivity and infectious process in bank vole (Myodes glareolus) experimentally infected with the hantavirus Puumala (PUUV)].

As a result of a longitudinal study of the Puumala hantavirus (PUUV) in the experimentally infected bank voles (Myodes glareolus), we revealed three groups of the voles differing in the immunoreactivity and viral antigen concentration in the organs. The close correlation between these parameters suggested the existence of various mechanisms of the hantavirus persistence in the host.

[Role of immunological factors in the diagnosis and prediction of intrauterine fetal infections].

Comparative analysis of the data of immunological examination of pregnant women with markers of genitourinary infections (GUI), by taking into account the etiological factor, has established unidirectional changes in the levels cytokines and neopterin (NP). At the same time, the level of NP in all the groups of examinees with GUI was higher than that of cytokines. The highest content of NP in blood and cervical canal mucus (CCM) was noted in pregnant women with GUI of viral etiology. The changes in NP levels in infections caused by various viruses were similar. The study of the levels of cytokines and NP in the peripheral blood and CCM samples yielded information on the functional activity of different types of immunocompetent cells, the magnitude of an inflammatory process, its transition to the systemic level, and on the prediction of infection development.

[Extraembryonic endoderm stem cell lines from common voles of the genus Microtus].

Twenty-eight independent extraembryonic endoderm (XEN) stem cell lines have been obtained from morula and blastocyst cells of common voles. Most cell lines form very few cell-cell contacts when growing and morphologically correspond to the XEN that were earlier described in mice. In addition, XEN cell lines with atypical morphology forming colonies have been obtained for the first time. Both types of XEN lines rapidly proliferate, retain their morphology and karyotype during more than 25 passages in cell culture, and express genes characteristic of XEN. One of two X chromosomes in XEN lines with karyotype XX has been shown to be inactive and associated with the Xist gene transcript. It has been demonstrated that the paternal X chromosome is inactive.

[Viral infectious and chromosome aberrations in Bank Vole from natural and laboratory populations]. / Virusnye infektsii i khromosomnye narusheniia u Ryzhei polevki iz prirodnykh i laboratornykh populiatsii.

The frequency of chromosome damage was studied in the carriers of virus of the hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (Puumala virus) and in noninfected animals from two laboratory colonies and two natural populations of bank vole. In the laboratory colony, where Puumala virus persisted for three years, multiaberrant ("rogue") cells were found in the bone marrow; the mean frequencies of both structural and numeral chromosome abnormalities were significantly enhanced. In the other laboratory colony, no Puumala virus was detected during all 30 years of its existence, but the mean frequencies of structural chromosome damage were increased to the same degree probably due to the prolonged breeding under laboratory conditions, which resulted in suppression of immunity and DNA repair. The voles from the natural populations were more resistant to the clastogenic viral effect, but they also had multiaberrant cells which served as indicators of viral infection. The data obtained support the hypothesis that viral infections increase mutation rate, contributing thereby to the evolution process.

IgG avidity assay for estimation of the time after onset of hantavirus infection in colonized and wild bank voles.

An immunoglobulin G avidity assay was used to determine recent and past hantavirus infection in bank voles (Clethrionomys glareolus). Sera of experimentally infected bank voles were studied at different time intervals. The avidity of specific IgG increased over time after infection. This experimental data were used to estimate the time after onset of hantavirus infection in naturally infected bank voles caught in an endemic area. The possibility to discriminate between recently infected animals and animals infected some time ago is important since the proportion of recently infected bank voles represents the intensity of the epizootic which in turn correlates to the risk of humans to contract the disease.