RESUMO
X-ray computed tomography coronary angiography (CTCA) is a current method for diagnosing ischemic heart disease. Although this method has a high specificity and a negative predictive value in diagnosing coronary obstructions, there are limitations in determining the hemodynamic significance of the stenosis. Extensive use of noninvasive methods for evaluation of coronary hemodynamics, specifically evaluation of the fractional flow reserve (FFR) is limited due to its high cost and risks of complications. Mathematical modeling of coronary circulation and its reserve based on CTCA data is an up-to-date method that has been experimentally confirmed and clinically validated. This method showed a high diagnostic efficacy in several large studies that used the invasive determination of FFR as a "gold standard". This review addresses the current state of studies on mathematical modeling for fractional coronary reserve in patients with ischemic heart disease, as well as the limitations and prospects of this method.
Assuntos
Doença da Artéria Coronariana , Estenose Coronária , Reserva Fracionada de Fluxo Miocárdico , Isquemia Miocárdica , Humanos , Reserva Fracionada de Fluxo Miocárdico/fisiologia , Estudos Prospectivos , Isquemia Miocárdica/diagnóstico , Angiografia Coronária/métodos , Hemodinâmica , Valor Preditivo dos Testes , Doença da Artéria Coronariana/diagnósticoRESUMO
PURPOSE: Assessment of COVID-19 incidence and hospitalization rate of male patients with prostatic hyperplasia depending on the intake of 5-alpha-reductase inhibitors (5-ARI). MATERIALS AND METHODS: In our study, electronic medical records of 1678 patients with prostatic hyperplasia were analyzed. 1490 men aged 71 (64-76) years were selected for final analysis. Vaccination against COVID-19 was carried out in 730 patients (49%). Treatment with 5-ARI inhibitors was carried out in 269 (18.1%) patients. RESULTS: Among 1490 included patients 790 (53%) had COVID- 19 while 360 (45.7%) of them required hospitalization. During the multivariate analysis, only two factors were associated with the risk of COVID-19 in the cohort studied: vaccination (odds ratio (OR) =0.095; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.074-0.122), i.e. a 90.5% chance reduction, p<0.001) and the fact of taking 5-ARI (OR=0.235; 95%CI=0.165-0.335; p<0.001), i.e. a 76.5% chance reduction. The duration of 5-ARI therapy was not associated with the incidence of new coronavirus infection. The severe course of COVID-19 which required hospitalization was positively associated with age (p=0.025) and the presence of coronary artery disease (p=0.004); and negatively associated with the frequency of vaccination (p<0.001) and treatment of 5-ARI (3.1% vs. 11.6%, p<0.001). In a multivariate analysis of outpatient patients with prostatic hyperplasia who had COVID-19, 5-ARI intake (OR=0.240; 95% CI 0.122-0.473; p<0.001) and vaccination (OR = 0.570; 95% CI 0.401-0.808; p=0.002). The factors associated with increased chances of hospitalization due to the severe course of COVID-19 were coronary heart disease (+43.8%, p=0.019) and older age (+1.7% by one year, p=0.046). CONCLUSION: Taking 5-ARI, along with vaccination in patients with prostatic hyperplasia is a protective factor for morbidity and the severity of COVID-19.
Assuntos
COVID-19 , Hiperplasia Prostática , Humanos , Masculino , Hiperplasia Prostática/epidemiologia , Hiperplasia Prostática/terapia , Hiperplasia Prostática/complicações , COVID-19/epidemiologia , COVID-19/terapia , Inibidores de 5-alfa Redutase , Estudos de Coortes , IncidênciaRESUMO
A PCR assay has been developed to identify the DNA of the human herpes virus type 7. The search and selection of conserved regions was carried out by comparing the whole genome nucleotide sequences of HHV-7. A fragment duplicated in the HHV-7 genomes was chosen as a target for amplification. The performance of the assay was tested on a synthetic matrix and clinical samples. The developed assay has high sensitivity and specificity and showed good efficiency in detecting HHV-7 DNA in clinical samples.
Assuntos
Herpesvirus Humano 7 , Humanos , Herpesvirus Humano 7/genética , Sensibilidade e Especificidade , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase , Técnicas de Amplificação de Ácido Nucleico , BioensaioRESUMO
The evaluation of the clinical significance of the test for the detection of the Y-chromosome marker in the plasma of a pregnant woman at different stages of pregnancy by real-time PCR was carried out. The blood samples of 4616 women at 4 to 32 gestation weeks were studied. Identification of the Y-chromosome marker was carried out based on the amplification of a region of the TSPY gene. The Y-chromosome marker was unambiguously identified in 2131 samples, which accounted for 46.2% of the total number of analyzed samples. In 233 samples (5%), the Y-chromosome marker was detected with reduced reliability, and in 15 samples (0.3%), an unambiguous conclusion about the presence or absence of Y-specific DNA in plasma could not be made during the initial study. The diagnostic accuracy of the Y-chromosome marker determination in the plasma of a pregnant woman at the 4-6th gestation week was 95.5%, and from the 7th week and at later stages of pregnancy it reached 97.3-98.2%. Testing from the 7th gestation week may be recommended for reliable prenatal sex determination of the fetus by real-time PCR analysis of extracellular circulating fetal DNA.
Assuntos
Feto , Gestantes , DNA , Feminino , Marcadores Genéticos/genética , Humanos , Gravidez , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase em Tempo Real , Reprodutibilidade dos TestesRESUMO
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE: Different testing paradigms have been proposed to investigate perceptual self-motion thresholds. They can differ regarding the amount of possible motions that patients have to choose from. Objective of this study was to compare the two-option paradigm and twelve-option paradigm, to investigate whether reducing the choice options significantly influences the reported thresholds of self-motion perception of healthy subjects. METHODS: Thirty-three volunteers with no prior vestibular complaints were included and sequentially tested with both paradigms at a random sequence. Perceptual self-motion thresholds were measured using a hydraulic motion platform in the absence of external visual and auditory cues. The platform delivered twelve different movements: six translations and six rotations. Each subject had to report the correct type and direction of movements. Thresholds were determined by a double confirmation of the lowest threshold, in combination with a double rejection of the one-step lower stimulus. Perceptual self-motion thresholds of both paradigms were compared using the mixed model analysis. RESULTS: The twelve-option paradigm showed significantly higher reported thresholds for yaw rotations and translations left, right and down (p < 0.001), compared to the two-option paradigm. No statistical difference was found for rolls and translations up. No significant gender effect, learning effect and carry-over effect were present in any of the applied motion directions. CONCLUSION: Reported thresholds of self-motion perception of healthy subjects are influenced by the testing paradigm. The twelve-option paradigm showed significantly higher thresholds than the two-option paradigm. Results obtained with each testing paradigm should, therefore, be compared to paradigm-specific normative data.
Assuntos
Percepção de Movimento , Vestíbulo do Labirinto , Sinais (Psicologia) , Humanos , Movimento (Física) , Limiar Sensorial , Percepção VisualRESUMO
Objective. Several lumped and distributed parameter models of the inner ear have been proposed to improve vestibular implant stimulation. The models should account for all significant physical phenomena that influence the current propagation, such as the electrical double layer (EDL) and medium polarization. The electrical properties of the medium are reflected in the electrical impedance; therefore, the study aimed to measure the impedance in the guinea pig inner ear and construct its equivalent circuit.Approach. The electrical impedance was measured from 100 Hz to 50 kHz between a pair of platinum electrodes immersed in 0.9% NaCl saline solution using sinusoidal voltage signals. The Randles circuit was fitted to the measured impedance in the saline solution in order to estimate the EDL parameters (C,W,andRct) of the electrode interface in saline. Then, the electrical impedance was measured between all combinations of the electrodes located in the semicircular canal ampullae and the vestibular nerve in the guinea pigin vitro. The extended Randles circuit considering the medium polarization (Ri,Re,Cm) together with EDL parameters (C,Rct) obtained from the saline solution was fitted to the measured impedance of the guinea pig inner ear. The Warburg element was assumed negligible and was not considered in the guinea pig model.Main results. For the set-up used, the obtained EDL parameters were:C=27.09*10-8F,Rct=18.75kΩ.The average values of intra-, extracellular resistances, and membrane capacitance wereRi=4.74kΩ,Re=45.05kΩ,Cm=9.69*10-8F,respectively.Significance. The obtained values of the model parameters can serve as a good estimation of the EDL for modelling work. The EDL, together with medium polarization, plays a significant role in the electrical impedance of the guinea pig inner ear, therefore, they should be considered in electrical conductivity models to increase the credibility of the simulations.
Assuntos
Orelha Interna , Solução Salina , Animais , Capacitância Elétrica , Impedância Elétrica , Eletrodos , CobaiasRESUMO
Theoretic and experimental study of viscoelastic properties of the whole blood exposed to shear stress was carried out with acoustic resonance method based on the measurement of gain-frequency characteristics of resonating needle in an ARP-01M piezoelectric thromboelastograph (Mednord). The study revealed regularities in the changes of viscoelastic parameters of the whole blood within 0-80 kHz frequency range of shear vibrations. In this frequency range, the elastic (storage) modulus G' reflecting blood elasticity increased with frequency and significantly contributed to the complex viscosity coefficient. The revealed gain-frequency regularities open the vista to employ the acoustic resonance method to determine the viscoelastic parameters of the whole blood and their coagulation-induced changes in the wide frequency range of shear vibrations.
Assuntos
Modelos Teóricos , Animais , Módulo de Elasticidade , Elasticidade , Humanos , Resistência ao Cisalhamento/fisiologia , Estresse Mecânico , ViscosidadeRESUMO
Theoretical and experimental analysis of viscoelastic properties of fluids at low oscillating shear stresses was performed. Mathematic approach for calculating the complex coefficient of viscosity on the basis of experimental data on the amplitude-phase characteristics measured by the method of low-frequency piezoelastography was developed. The dependencies of the amplitude and phase shift of the signal recorded by a piezoelectric detector of a ARP-01M Mednord piezoelectric thromboelastograph on the frequency of forced oscillations of a resonator needle in air, water, and glycerin at fixed temperature of 37°C were studied. It was found that with increasing fluid viscosity, the resonance frequency of oscillations decreases in comparison with the frequency of oscillations in air.
Assuntos
Modelos Teóricos , Tromboelastografia , ViscosidadeRESUMO
Comparative analysis of the groups of patients with idiopathic bilateral vestibular hypofunction and a group of vestibulopathy patients with vertebrobasilar insufficiency demonstrated identity of the basic and additional diagnostic parameters in these syndromes as well as similarity in clinical diagnostic and anamnesis data. In all cases, functional assessment of endothelium-dependent vasodilation and selected biochemical marker sICAM-1 revealed endothelial dysfunction. Drug correction of endothelial dysfunction positively affected the manifestations of major and minor features of the syndrome, which confirmed the contribution of endothelial functional disturbances to the pathogenesis of bilateral vestibular hypofunction.
Assuntos
Vestibulopatia Bilateral/fisiopatologia , Endotélio Vascular/fisiopatologia , Insuficiência Vertebrobasilar/fisiopatologia , Vertigem/fisiopatologia , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Audiometria , Vestibulopatia Bilateral/diagnóstico por imagem , Vestibulopatia Bilateral/tratamento farmacológico , Vestibulopatia Bilateral/metabolismo , Biomarcadores/metabolismo , Testes Calóricos , Endotélio Vascular/diagnóstico por imagem , Endotélio Vascular/efeitos dos fármacos , Endotélio Vascular/metabolismo , Feminino , Glicosaminoglicanos/uso terapêutico , Humanos , Hipoglicemiantes/uso terapêutico , Molécula 1 de Adesão Intercelular/metabolismo , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Ultrassonografia de Intervenção , Vasodilatação , Insuficiência Vertebrobasilar/diagnóstico por imagem , Insuficiência Vertebrobasilar/tratamento farmacológico , Insuficiência Vertebrobasilar/metabolismo , Vertigem/diagnóstico por imagem , Vertigem/tratamento farmacológico , Vertigem/metabolismoRESUMO
We propose a new approach to optimization of electrical stimulation of the vestibular nerve and improving the transfer function of vestibular implant. A mathematical model of the vestibular organ is developed based on its anatomy, the model premises, 3D-analysis of MRI and CT images, and mathematical description of physical processes underlying propagation of alternating electric current across the tissues of vestibular labyrinth. This approach was tested in vitro on the rat vestibular apparatus and had been examined anatomically prior to the development of its mathematical model and equivalent electrical circuit. The experimental and theoretical values of changes of the gain-phase characteristics of vestibular tissues in relation to location of the reference electrode obtained in this study can be used to optimize the electrical stimulation of vestibular nerve.
Assuntos
Modelos Anatômicos , Transmissão Sináptica/fisiologia , Nervo Vestibular/fisiologia , Vestíbulo do Labirinto/fisiologia , Animais , Simulação por Computador , Condutividade Elétrica , Estimulação Elétrica , Eletrodos , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética , Masculino , Ratos , Ratos Wistar , Técnicas de Cultura de Tecidos , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios X , Nervo Vestibular/anatomia & histologia , Nervo Vestibular/diagnóstico por imagem , Vestíbulo do Labirinto/anatomia & histologia , Vestíbulo do Labirinto/diagnóstico por imagem , Vestíbulo do Labirinto/inervaçãoRESUMO
Comparative evaluation of the transgene expression efficiency provided by the model genetic constructs of different structure is an important stage in the development of new expression methods and optimization of the existing expression vectors. However, presently there is no versatile approach to this problem. The goal of this work was to suggest an experimental system for comparative evaluation of the expression efficiency provided by nonviral genetic vectors of various size and topology in human cell cultures. Such system is based on the gene of the green fluorescence protein used as a reporter as well as flow cytofluorometry for evaluation of the expression level and quantitative PCR for adequate selection of the transfection conditions. This system was tested in two model constructs: linear molecule of DNA and plasmid.
Assuntos
Expressão Gênica , Vetores Genéticos , Proteínas de Fluorescência Verde , Modelos Genéticos , Transgenes , Proteínas de Fluorescência Verde/biossíntese , Proteínas de Fluorescência Verde/genética , Células HEK293 , HumanosRESUMO
We studied the role of NF-κB/IKK-mediated signaling in the stimulation of growth potential of mesenchymal progenitor cells by alkaloid songorine in vitro. Specific NF-κB inhibitor oridonin abolished activation of proliferation and differentiation of progenitor cells. Aurothiomalate, a selective blocker of IKK-2, also suppressed mitotic activity of fibroblast precursors, but had no effect on the rate of the differentiation.
Assuntos
Alcaloides/farmacologia , Quinase I-kappa B/metabolismo , Células-Tronco Mesenquimais/efeitos dos fármacos , Células-Tronco Mesenquimais/metabolismo , NF-kappa B/metabolismo , Animais , Diferenciação Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Proliferação de Células/efeitos dos fármacos , Células Cultivadas , Diterpenos do Tipo Caurano/farmacologia , Tiomalato Sódico de Ouro/farmacologia , Quinase I-kappa B/antagonistas & inibidores , Camundongos , Modelos Biológicos , NF-kappa B/antagonistas & inibidores , Medicina RegenerativaRESUMO
We studied the psychopharmacological effects of atisine-type diterpene alkaloid Z77 in a rat model of cerebral ischemia. Pronounced cerebroprotective effect was found consisting in normalization of the orienting and exploratory activity and conditioned behavior associated with significant correction of morphological changes in the brain. The direct stimulatory effect of Z77 on neural stem cells was shown in vitro.
Assuntos
Alcaloides/uso terapêutico , Isquemia Encefálica/tratamento farmacológico , Células-Tronco Neurais/citologia , Células-Tronco Neurais/efeitos dos fármacos , Fármacos Neuroprotetores/uso terapêutico , Animais , Masculino , Ratos , Medicina Regenerativa/métodosRESUMO
To study the role of the HHV-6 type in the development of eye diseases PCR tests of blood (152), cornea biopsies (61), and intraocular fluids (11) for HHV-6 and other viruses of the herpes group (HSV type 1 and 2, CMV, EBV) were conducted. It was found that the HHV-6, along with other representatives of the Herpesviridae, can be detected in patients with different clinical forms of ophthalmopathology (174 patients were surveyed). Viral DNA was detected in blood, cornea, and in the anterior chamber fluid. The obtained data allow that the HHV-6 to be suggested as a possible cause of the ophthalmic herpes along with the other viruses of this group. It makes finding the virus DNA an essential step towards setting the etiologic diagnosis of the ophthalmological patients.
Assuntos
DNA Viral/genética , Oftalmopatias/diagnóstico , Infecções por Herpesviridae/diagnóstico , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Câmara Anterior/patologia , Câmara Anterior/virologia , Humor Aquoso/virologia , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Córnea/patologia , Córnea/virologia , Citomegalovirus/genética , Citomegalovirus/isolamento & purificação , Oftalmopatias/patologia , Oftalmopatias/virologia , Feminino , Infecções por Herpesviridae/patologia , Infecções por Herpesviridae/virologia , Herpesvirus Humano 1/genética , Herpesvirus Humano 1/isolamento & purificação , Herpesvirus Humano 2/genética , Herpesvirus Humano 2/isolamento & purificação , Herpesvirus Humano 4/genética , Herpesvirus Humano 4/isolamento & purificação , Herpesvirus Humano 6/genética , Herpesvirus Humano 6/isolamento & purificação , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Reação em Cadeia da PolimeraseRESUMO
Specific motifs in the genomes of the family Chlamydiaceae were discussed. The search for genetic markers ofbacteria identification and typing is an urgent problem. The progress in sequencing technology resulted in compilation of the database of genomic nucleotide sequences of bacteria. This raised the problem of the search and selection of genetic targets for identification and typing in bacterial genes based on comparative analysis of complete genomic sequences. The goal of this work was to implement comparative genetic analysis of different species of the family Chlamydiaceae. This analysis was focused to detection of specific motifs capable of serving as genetic marker of this family. The consensus domains were detected using the Visual Basic for Application software for MS Excel. Complete coincidence of segments 25 nucleotide long was used as the test for consensus domain selection. One complete genomic sequence for each of 8 bacterial species was taken for the experiment. The experimental sample did not contain complete sequence of C. suis, because at the moment of this research this species was absence in the database GenBank. Comparative assay of the sequences of the C. trachomatis and other representatives of the family Chlamydiaceae revealed 41 common motifs for 8 Chlamydiaceae species tested in this work. The maximal number of consensus motifs was observed in genes of ribosomal RNA and t-RNA. In addition to genes of r-RNA and t-RNA consensus motifs were observed in 5 genes and 6 intergene segments. The gene CTL0299, CTLO800, dagA, and hctA consensus motifs detected in this work can be regarded as identification domains of the family Chlamydiaceae.
Assuntos
Chlamydiaceae , Sequência Consenso/genética , Marcadores Genéticos , Motivos de Nucleotídeos/genética , Chlamydiaceae/genética , Chlamydiaceae/isolamento & purificação , Genoma Bacteriano/genética , Análise de Sequência de DNARESUMO
The ability of the synthetic peptide IMG-5, that reproduces one of the antigenic determinants of the protein filaggrin, to show antigenic activity was studied when anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide antibodies (ACCPAb) to filaggrin were found in the serum samples of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The binding of IMG-5 to ACCPAb has been shown to be specific (dose-dependent and reversible). The serum samples from patients with RA, controls, and donors show a significant difference in the interaction of the synthetic peptide with ACCPAb (p < 0.005 and p < 0.0001, respectively). The level of IgM rheumatoid factor (RF) detected in patients with RA differs greatly from that in the controls. In the patients with RA versus the controls, the specificity of ACCPAb determination was as high as 87; and the sensitivity was 40.5%. When ACCPAbs were determined using the commercial kit CCP, the specificity and sensitivity were 94 and 47.3%, respectively. The specificity of RF detection was equal to 50% and the sensitivity was 70%. The sensitivity of the test using IMG-5 is a maximum in X-ray stage IRA (69.2%) and falls in its stage III (26.7%). On the contrary, the sensitivity of the commercial kit and RF determination increases from X-ray stage I (46.2 and 53.8%, respectively) to II (66.7 and 80%). The sensitivity of the used tests in varying RA activities has demonstrated that they are most effective in patients with moderate RA activity. The concurrent detection of ACCPAb and RF increases the probability of differentiating RA from other rheumatic diseases.
Assuntos
Artrite Reumatoide/sangue , Autoanticorpos/sangue , Proteínas de Filamentos Intermediários/imunologia , Peptídeos Cíclicos/imunologia , Adulto , Idoso , Artrite Reumatoide/diagnóstico , Ensaio de Imunoadsorção Enzimática , Feminino , Proteínas Filagrinas , Humanos , Imunoglobulina M/sangue , Imunoglobulina M/imunologia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Fator Reumatoide/sangue , Sensibilidade e EspecificidadeRESUMO
112 strains of M. tuberculosis isolated from lung tuberculosis patients in Mongolia were genotyped using RD9, RD7, TbD1, RD105, and RD750 loci. The genotypes of all the strains studied were characterized using the conservation of RD7, RD9, and RD750 loci and the presence of the deletion in the locus TbD1. RD105 was detected in 65 isolates (58%). The isolate was classified into two groups--East-Asian and Euro-American.
Assuntos
Mycobacterium tuberculosis/classificação , Mycobacterium tuberculosis/genética , Polimorfismo Genético , Tuberculose Pulmonar/microbiologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Técnicas de Tipagem Bacteriana , Sequência de Bases , Feminino , Técnicas de Genotipagem , Haplótipos , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Mongólia/epidemiologia , Mycobacterium tuberculosis/isolamento & purificação , Filogenia , Deleção de Sequência/genética , Escarro/microbiologiaRESUMO
Immunogenic characteristics of filaggrin protein molecule as an antigen for antibodies to filaggrin, markers of early rheumatoid arthritis, were studied. Two new peptide motives, possible epitopes for antibodies to filaggrin, were shown in the filaggrin molecule by predictive analysis using programmed algorithms. Only IMG-3 and its cyclic form IMG-4 exhibited antigenic reactivity with sera from rheumatoid arthritis patients, differing significantly from the reactivity with donor sera. The immunogenic characteristics of IMG-3 differed from the characteristics of a previously described epitope.
Assuntos
Artrite Reumatoide/imunologia , Epitopos/imunologia , Proteínas de Filamentos Intermediários/imunologia , Fragmentos de Peptídeos/imunologia , Motivos de Aminoácidos/imunologia , Sequência de Aminoácidos , Artrite Reumatoide/sangue , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Mapeamento de Epitopos , Epitopos/química , Fibrina/química , Proteínas Filagrinas , Humanos , Proteínas de Filamentos Intermediários/química , Dados de Sequência Molecular , Fragmentos de Peptídeos/química , Ligação Proteica , Análise de Sequência de Proteína , Homologia de Sequência de AminoácidosRESUMO
Excel platform was used for transition of results of multiple aligned nucleotide sequences obtained using the BLAST network service to the form appropriate for visual analysis and editing. Two macros operators for MS Excel 2007 were constructed. The array of aligned sequences transformed into Excel table and processed using macros operators is more appropriate for analysis than initial html data.
Assuntos
Sistemas de Gerenciamento de Base de Dados , Alinhamento de Sequência/métodos , Análise de Sequência de DNA/métodos , Software , Sequência de Bases , Bases de Dados GenéticasRESUMO
The results of the polymerase chain reaction studies performed in 2006-2008 were used to make a retrospective analysis of the detection of urogenital herpesvirus infections in reproductive-aged women constituting the urban population of the central region of Russia. The study used both monotarget and mutiplex test systems to detect herpes simplex virus (HSV), cytomegalovirus (CMV), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), human herpesvirus types 6 and 7. A total of about 7.500 referrals; the detection rate for HSV was about 1%; that for CMV was from 0.3 in 2006 to 1% in 2008; that for EBV was from 0.1% in 2006 to 0.3% in 2008. More than a half of HSV-, CMV-, or EBY-positive samples also contained DNA of other causative agents and some samples did two pathogens or more. Multiplex test systems for herpesviruses considerably enhance the efficiency of diagnostic studies and reduce the material and time costs of diagnosis.