Selective enhancement of autotrophic acetate production with genetically modified Acetobacterium woodii.

Great interest has emerged in the recent past towards the potential of autotrophic acetogenic bacteria for the sustainable production of fuels and chemicals. This group of microorganisms possesses an ancient pathway for the fixation of carbon dioxide in the presence of hydrogen, making them highly attractive for the utilization of gas mixtures as a cheap and abundant carbon and energy source. As more and more genome sequence data of acetogens becomes available, the genetic tools are being developed concomitantly. Here, we demonstrate for the first time the genetic modification of the well-characterized acetogen Acetobacterium woodii. This microorganism selectively produces acetate under autotrophic conditions, but seems to be limited at high acetate concentrations. To increase the carbon flow through the Wood-Ljungdahl pathway and therefore increase the efficiency of CO2 fixation, genes of enzyme groups of this pathway were selectively overexpressed (the four THF-dependent enzymes for the processing of formate as well as phosphotransacetylase and acetate kinase to enhance an ATP-generation step). Acetate production with genetically modified strains was increased in a batch process under pH-controlled reaction conditions in a stirred-tank reactor with continuous sparging of H2 and CO2. Final acetate concentrations of more than 50gL(-1) acetate were thus measured with the recombinant strains at low cell concentrations of 1.5-2gL(-1) dry cell mass in less than four days under autotrophic conditions.

Reaction engineering analysis of hydrogenotrophic production of acetic acid by Acetobacterium woodii.

Great interest has emerged in biological CO2-fixing processes in the context of current climate change discussions. One example for such a process is the hydrogenotrophic production of acetic acid by anaerobic microorganisms. Acetogenic microorganisms make use of carbon dioxide in the presence of hydrogen to produce acetic acid and biomass. In order to establish a process for the hydrogenotrophic production of acetic acid, the formation of acetate by Acetobacterium woodii was studied in a batch-operated stirred-tank bioreactor at different hydrogen partial pressures (pH2) in the gas phase. The volumetric productivity of the batch processes increased with increasing hydrogen partial pressure. A maximum of the volumetric productivity of 7.4 g(acetate) L⁻¹ day⁻¹ was measured at a pH2 of 1,700 mbar. At this pH(2) a final acetate concentration of 44 g L⁻¹ was measured after a process time of 11 days, if the pH was controlled at pH 7.0 (average cell density of 1.1 g L⁻¹ cell dry weight). The maximum cell specific actetate productivity was 6.9 g(acetate) g(cdw)⁻¹ day⁻¹ under hydrogenotrophic conditions.