Improving the medication-use process for 23.4% sodium chloride.

PURPOSE: Results of a study to evaluate medication storage, distribution, and safety outcomes after addition of 23.4% sodium chloride to a hospital formulary and development of a novel distribution process incorporating safeguards allowing for urgent medication removal from an automated dispensing cabinet (ADC) are reported. SUMMARY: A retrospective review of 23.4% sodium chloride injection doses dispensed during a 38-month period was performed at an academic medical center to evaluate times from order entry to pharmacist verification, dispensing, and administration; adverse events related to dispensing or administration; and other outcomes. Seventy doses of 23.4% sodium chloride injection were administered to 60 patients during the study period. The mean times from order entry to pharmacist verification, medication removal from an ADC, and administration were 8, 25, and 43 minutes, respectively, when the ADC override function was not used. After 23.4% sodium chloride injection's addition to the ADC override list, 16 of 30 doses were removed "on override," with order entry performed retrospectively for 9 of these doses. There were no documented adverse events related to medication distribution and 2 adverse effects possibly related to medication administration. CONCLUSION: Novel storage and distribution processes for 23.4% sodium chloride injection were implemented at a large academic medical center to optimize safety related to the medication-use process. A retrospective review of 70 administered doses found the process of maintaining this medication in ADCs to be a safe and efficient method of storing and dispensing a high-alert medication.

Evaluation of Vasopressin for Septic Shock in Patients on Chronic Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System Inhibitors.

OBJECTIVES: To compare the hemodynamic response in septic shock patients receiving vasopressin who were on chronic renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system inhibitor therapy with those who were not. DESIGN: Single-center, retrospective cohort study. SETTING: Medical and surgical ICUs at a 1,100-bed academic medical center. PATIENTS: Medical and surgical ICU patients with septic shock who received vasopressin infusion added to at least one concomitant vasopressor agent between January 2014 and December 2015, then divided into two cohorts: 1) patients who were on chronic renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system inhibitor therapy as outpatients and 2) patients who were not on chronic renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system inhibitor therapy as outpatients. INTERVENTIONS: None. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Mean arterial pressure at 6 hours was 72.2 mm Hg in the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system inhibitor group versus 69.7 mm Hg in the non-renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system inhibitor group (p = 0.298). There was no difference in mean arterial pressure at 1, 24, or 48 hours between groups. Total concomitant vasopressor requirements, based on norepinephrine equivalents excluding vasopressin, were significantly lower at 24 hours in the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system inhibitor group versus the non-renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system inhibitor group (10.7 vs 18.1 µg/min, respectively; p = 0.007), but no significant differences were seen at the other time points assessed. There were no significant differences in ICU or hospital length of stay or mortality. CONCLUSIONS: There was no significant difference in the primary outcome of 6-hour mean arterial pressure in septic shock patients receiving vasopressin who were on chronic renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system inhibitor therapy versus those receiving vasopressin who were not on chronic renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system inhibitor therapy. Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system inhibitor patients had lower total concomitant vasopressor requirements at 24 hours compared with non-renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system inhibitor patients.