[Supra and intercondylar elbow fractures in children]. / Les fractures sus- et intercondyliennes de l'humerus chez l'enfant.

Supra- and intercondylar elbow fractures are rare in children. The treatment of these fractures is controversial. The purpose of this report is to discuss diagnosis and treatment of this unusual injury. Our study looked at nine patients between six and 15 years old (average age: 11.5). In four patients, the fracture was T-condylar and in five patients, the fracture was epiphyseal-diaphyseal. Communition was noted in five cases. All fractures are secondary to high-energy trauma. All patients were treated by open reduction and internal fixation. Three patients had associated nervous lesions. Patients were reviewed at an average of 30 months follow-up and the results evaluated according to the criteria of Flynn. The results were good or excellent in six patients, fair in two patients and poor in one. Cubitus varus and limitation of elbow motion were the main complication. Supra- and intercondylar elbow fractures should be differentiated from the more common supracondylar humerus fractures. We recommended open reduction with internal fixation. Complications are due to the severity of the initial trauma and sometimes to defective treatment especially in the case of complex fracture.

[Muscular tuberculosis: an unusual focus of Koch bacillus]. / La tuberculose musculaire isolée: localisation inhabituelle du bacille de Koch.

We report an exceptional case of tuberculosis in an 8-year-old girl. The focus of infection was situated in the anterior muscle compartment of the left thigh. Diagnosis was established on the basis of histological findings. A 12-month antituberculosis regimen was given. Outcome was good with no general or functional sequelae. Based on this case and data reported in the literature, we discuss the routes of dissemination of the Koch bacillus explaining this unusual sporadic localization.

[Congenital elevation of the scapula]. / Surélévation congénitale de l'omoplate.

21 cases of Sprengel deformity in 19 patients were treated in Paediatric orthopaedic unit of Children's hospital of Rabat in 20 years. Only 6 patients (4 girls, 2 boys) were operated on. The ages of the patients at operation ranged from four to fifteen years (mean age: 10 years). The duration of follow-up ranged from 8 months to 10 years (average: 4 years and 2 months) The Woodward procedure was constantly used. Post operatively, the average increase in total abduction was 40 degrees (range 30 to 75 degrees) Functional and cosmetic results were judged good in 3 patients, moderate in 2 and fair in one case. We emphasize that patients who are less than 4 years old are the ideal candidates for scapular displacement procedure.

[Total nephrectomy in children: 11 years of experience in 80 cases]. / Les néphrectomies totales chez l'enfant: une expérience de 11 ans sur 80 cas.

Nephrectomy in childhood is an ultimate indication. It is realised in case of severe deterioration of the renal function or neoplastic affection of the kidney. We report a retrospective study on a series of 80 patients. Mean age was 5 years with extremes from 2 months to 14 years. Abdominal mass, pain, infection and haematuria were the mostly encountered revealing symptoms. The main aetiology was nephroblastoma. No laparoscopic nephrectomy was realised. Follow-up was uneventful except for the troubles existing prior to surgery.