Multiple Targets, One Goal: Compounding life-extending effects through Polypharmacology.

Analysis of lifespan-extending compounds suggested the most effective geroprotectors target multiple biogenic amine receptors. To test this hypothesis, we used graph neural networks to predict such polypharmacological compounds and evaluated them in C. elegans. Over 70% of the selected compounds extended lifespan, with effect sizes in the top 5% compared to the DrugAge database. This reveals that rationally designing polypharmacological compounds enables the design of geroprotectors with exceptional efficacy.

Anisotropic magnetoresistance and memory effect in bulk systems with extended defects.

To describe kinetic phenomena in disordered conductors, various acts of scattering of electrons can be often considered as independent, that is captured by the Boltzmann equation. However, in some regimes, especially, in a magnetic field, it becomes necessary to take into account the correlations between different scattering events of electrons on defects at different times in the past. Such memory effects can have a profound impact on the resistivity of 2D semiconductor systems, resulting in giant negative magnetoresistance and microwave-induced resistance oscillations phenomena. This work opens the discussion of the memory effects in 3D conducting systems featured by the presence of extended one-dimensional defects, such as screw dislocations or static charge stripes. We demonstrate that accounting for the memory effect, that is the capture of electrons on collisionless spiral trajectories winding around extended defects, leads to the strong negative magnetoresistance in case when the external magnetic field direction becomes parallel to the defects axis. This effect gives rise to a significant magnetoresistance anisotropy already for an isotropic Fermi surface and no spin-orbit effects. The proposed resistivity feature can be used to detect one-dimensional scattering defects in these systems.

Colossal topological Hall effect at the transition between isolated and lattice-phase interfacial skyrmions.

The topological Hall effect is used extensively to study chiral spin textures in various materials. However, the factors controlling its magnitude in technologically-relevant thin films remain uncertain. Using variable-temperature magnetotransport and real-space magnetic imaging in a series of Ir/Fe/Co/Pt heterostructures, here we report that the chiral spin fluctuations at the phase boundary between isolated skyrmions and a disordered skyrmion lattice result in a power-law enhancement of the topological Hall resistivity by up to three orders of magnitude. Our work reveals the dominant role of skyrmion stability and configuration in determining the magnitude of the topological Hall effect.

Theory of an electron asymmetric scattering on skyrmion textures in two-dimensional systems.

We discuss in detail the electron scattering pattern on skyrmion-like magnetic textures in two-dimensional geometry. The special attention is focused on analyzing the scattering asymmetry, which is a precursor of the topological Hall effect. We present analytical results valid in the limiting regimes of strong and weak coupling, we analyze analytically the conditions when the transverse response acquires a quantized character determined by the topological charge of a magnetic texture, we also derive the numerical scheme that gives access to the exact solution of the scattering problem. We describe how the electron scattering asymmetry is modified due to an additional short-range impurity located inside a magnetic skyrmion. Based on the numerical computations we investigate the properties of the asymmetric scattering for an arbitrary magnitude of the interaction strength and the topology of a magnetic texture, we also account for the presence or absence of a scalar impurity.

Chiral spin ordering of electron gas in solids with broken time reversal symmetry.

In this work we manifest that an electrostatic disorder in conducting systems with broken time reversal symmetry universally leads to a chiral ordering of the electron gas giving rise to skyrmion-like textures in spatial distribution of the electron spin density. We describe a microscopic mechanism underlying the formation of the equilibrium chiral spin textures in two-dimensional systems with spin-orbit interaction and exchange spin splitting. We have obtained analytical expressions for spin-density response functions and have analyzed both local and non-local spin response to electrostatic perturbations for systems with parabolic-like and Dirac electron spectra. With the proposed theory we come up with a concept of controlling spin chirality by electrical means.

A nontrivial crossover in topological Hall effect regimes.

We propose a new theory of the topological Hall effect (THE) in systems with non-collinear magnetization textures such as magnetic skyrmions. We solve the problem of electron scattering on a magnetic skyrmion exactly, for an arbitrary strength of exchange interaction and the skyrmion size. We report the existence of different regimes of THE and resolve the apparent contradiction between the adiabatic Berry phase theoretical approach and the perturbation theory for THE. We traced how the topological charge Hall effect transforms into the spin Hall effect upon varying the exchange interaction strength or the skyrmion size. This transformation has a nontrivial character: it is accompanied by an oscillating behavior of both charge and spin Hall currents. This hallmark of THE allows one to identify the chirality driven contribution to Hall response in the experiments.

Electron Scattering on a Magnetic Skyrmion in the Nonadiabatic Approximation.

We present a theory of electron scattering on a magnetic Skyrmion for the case when the exchange interaction is moderate so that the adiabatic approximation and the Berry phase approach are not applicable. The theory explains the appearance of a topological Hall current in the systems with magnetic Skyrmions, the special importance of which is its applicability to dilute magnetic semiconductors with a weak exchange interaction.

[Soft tissue chondroma].

The paper gives a rare case of soft tissue chondroma in a 55-year-old female woman who has unsuccessfully received physiotherapeutic procedures for more than 6 months due to misdiagnosis. The patient detected the tumor herself. Clinical and X-ray diagnostic difficulties are considered. Differential diagnosis was made between synovial chondromatosis and chondrosarcoma. A correct diagnosis could be established only at open tumor biopsy. The neurovascular fascicle, tendons, and an intrinsic group of shoulder muscles could be preserved during radical surgery. The problems in the morphological diagnosis of extraskeletal chondroma are discussed in detail. The results of organ-preserving resection are presented.

[Experience with the methodological guidance of the on-the-job training of epidemiology graduates]. / Opyt metodicheskogo rukovodstva stazhirovkoi vypusnikov épidemiologicheskogo profilia.

Seven-year experience in the methodological guidance of the post-graduate specialization of medical graduates specializing in epidemiology has made it possible for the authors to come to the conclusion on the positive role of the on-the-job training of young specialists for a year after graduation, which is manifested by a shorter time necessary for their professional formation, the development of their capacity for making scientifically grounded, active solutions of practical problems. At the same time some defects, difficulties, and unsolved problems of on-the-job training have been revealed. The authors propose to organize internship also for this category of medical specialists and to carry out the specialization of all sanitary inspectors on the basis of "clinical" sanitary and epidemiological stations.

[Immunoprevention of staphylococcal infections at an industrial enterprise]. / Immunoprofilaktika stafilokokkovykh infektsii na promyshlennom predpriiatii.

The immunogenicity, immunological and epidemiological effectiveness of the subcutaneous, enteral and combined immunizations of the workers at a steel plant with staphylococcal toxoid has been studied. The subcutaneous injection of the adsorbed toxoid in a dose of 0.2 ml by means of the jet injector, model, was accompanied by moderate reactogenicity (the frequency of local reactions was 26.8%, and the frequency of systemic reaction 18%) and produced 4-fold increase in antitoxin titers and 12-fold decrease in the morbidity rate of staphyloccal infection. Enteral immunization in 3 administrations proved to be nonreactogenic and only slightly effective (antitoxin titers increased more than 2-fold, morbidity rate fell 2-fold). Combined immunization (subcutaneous and enteral) with the toxoid, preceded by the injection of gamma globulin, reduced the frequency of reaction 2- to 3-fold and stimulated antitoxin production (the titer increased 8-fold), thus decreasing the morbidity rate of staphylococcal infection 3.1-fold.

[Methods of assessment of the epidemic process intensity]. / K metodike ochenki intensivnosti épidemicheskogo protsessa

For a more complete and proper assessment of the intensity of the epidemic process in infections with polymorphic clinical picture it is suggested, that, along with morbidity analysis one should calculate the affection level and the ratio of the manifest and inapparent forms (infection carrier forms). For this purpose suitable formulas of calculation are recommended. A possibility of the use of this method for evaluation of the intensity of the infectious process in various groups of persons, depending on age, season, etc., and also for the assessment of the efficacy of antiepidemic measures in dysentery and other infectious diseases was noted.

[Epidemiology, terminology and statistical classification of intestinal infections]. / K épidemiologii, terminologii i statisticheskoi klassifikatsii nekotorykh kishechnykh infektsii

On the basis of critical survey of literature data and analysis of morbidity of intestinal infections in 5 towns of Donbass for 20 years and also of studying 5148 case histories an attempt is made of rational explantation of the causes of growth during the last years of the incidence of Sonne dysentery salmonelloses, escherichioses and other diseases caused by conditionally-pathogenic microorganisms. The importance of improvement of nomenclature and of statistical classification of intestinal infections was demonstrated.