Sistema de lavagem de carcaças e controle de Salmonella spp. em abatedouros de frangos de corte / Carcass washing system and Salmonella spp. control in poultry slaughterhouses

Avaliaram-se os dados do controle e monitoramento de Salmonella em carcaças de frangos de corte, antes e após a implantação do sistema de lavagem de carcaças. Foram amostradas 2692 carcaças antes da instalação do sistema e 1940 após a instalação, totalizando 4632 amostras em cinco abatedouros sob Inspeção Federal, no sul do Brasil. Anteriormente à instalação dos lavadores, obtiveram-se 156 resultados positivos para Salmonella spp. e, após a instalação, 83 resultados positivos, com diferença significativa (P<0,05/OR 1,4) entre os resultados gerais. Em dois dos cinco abatedouros avaliados, houve redução na positividade para Salmonella spp. nas carcaças amostradas após a instalação do lavador. Entretanto, em três estabelecimentos não houve diferença significativa após a instalação desse sistema. Os resultados sugerem que o aumento da vazão da água está relacionado com a redução da contaminação, enquanto o aumento da pressão de água do sistema de lavagem não foi suficiente para reduzir o patógeno nas carcaças amostradas. Dessa forma, conclui-se que o sistema de lavagem tem vantagens do ponto de vista operacional, ao evitar os desperdícios atribuídos à prática do refile, porém não elimina o risco da presença de Salmonella na carcaça de frango.(AU)

Data of the Control and Monitoring of Salmonella in broiler carcasses were evaluated before and after the implementation of a carcass washing system. A total of 2692 carcasses prior to system installation and 1940 after installation were sampled, totaling 4632 samples in five slaughterhouses under Federal Inspection in southern Brazil. Prior to installation of the washers, 156 carcasses were positive for Salmonella spp. and after installation, 83 carcasses tested positive, with a significant difference (P <0.05/OR 1.4) on the overall results. Two of the five evaluated slaughterhouses showed a prevalence decrease of Salmonella spp. in the sampled carcasses after installing the washer. However, in three establishments, there was no significant difference after installing this system. The results suggest that the increase of the water flow is related to the reduction of the contamination, while the increase of the water pressure of the washing system was not enough to reduce the pathogen in the sampled carcasses. The results show operational results since the washing system avoids the trimming of some carcasses, but doesn't eliminate the risk of Salmonella.(AU)

Frequency of treatment and production performance using the FAMACHA method compared with preventive control in ewes.

The rapid escalation of anthelmintic resistance in parasites suggests the adoption of different strategies for parasite control in small ruminants instead of relying only on the use of chemicals. The integrated system of parasite control (SICOPA) program uses the FAMACHA method, which is used to separately identify sheep that are resistant/resilient or susceptible to Haemonchus contortus, or together with other management practices, such as pasture rotation or the monitoring of drug efficacy. The objective of this work was to compare two methods of parasite control in ewes. A flock of ewes (n=90) of Ile de France and Texel breeds was monitored from August 2001 to July 2003 under suppressive treatment (45-day treatment interval) and from August 2003 to July 2006 under the partial selective regimen based on FAMACHA evaluations. Fecal samples were collected for fecal egg counts (EPG) and larval identification to monitor infection during the 5-year period. After the partial selective evaluations, an average of 19% of the animals was treated each year between 2003 and 2006. The reproductive indexes of parturition (89%), birth rate (119%), lamb weight (4.1 kg) and lamb mortality (5.2%) were similar under the partial selective regimen and the previous suppressive treatment period. H. contortus was the most prevalent species, and EPG values were not statistically different across periods or among treatment regimes. The results demonstrate that the FAMACHA method allowed a large number of naturally infected ewes to be raised with reduced anthelmintic treatment without a negative impact on their reproductive indexes. It is indicated, though, that this method be applied together with other available strategies. Culling was based on clinical signs and ranged from 5.5 to 20% per year. The results suggest that an important host-specific effect may have regulated the rate of infection, expressing the resistant/resilient characteristic within the flock with an important economical benefit.

Suppressive treatment of abamectin against Dictyocaulus viviparus and the occurrence of resistance in first-grazing-season calves.

Dictyocaulus viviparus cause severe lung infections and are endemic in some areas of temperate and tropical countries. Treatment is based on strategic nematode control programs using potent compounds with no reports of drug failure. Macrocyclic lactones (MLs) are available at different concentrations and combinations and have being used heavily by producers. The objective of this work was to determine the efficacy of the MLs ivermectin, moxidectin, doramectin, and abamectin, and the combination ivermectin plus abamectin in naturally infected calves (n=70). Initial infection was determined by necropsy of tracer animals. Faecal larval counts determined that none of the compounds used was able to eliminate D. viviparus for up to 28 days after treatment. The "Area Nova" strain was isolated for future work.