An exploration of shielding optimization for self-shielded accelerators / 中国辐射卫生

Objective To analyze the room layout and shielding of three types of self-shielded accelerators, and to provide a basis for optimizing the shielding design of rooms for self-shielded accelerators. Methods We compared the radiation shielding levels (transmitted radiation dose rate outside the primary barrier and scattered radiation dose rate outside the secondary barrier) of three self-shielded accelerator rooms by Monte Carlo simulation and empirical formula calculation. Results According to Monte Carlo simulation and empirical formula calculation, for the Unity MR Linac accelerator, the scatter radiation dose rate outside the secondary barrier was significantly higher (up to five times) than the transmitted primary radiation dose rate outside the primary barrier. The scatter radiation dose rate of the cross section was significantly higher than that of the sagittal section for both Unity MR Linac and TOMO accelerators. Conclusion The differences in the shape, material, and thickness of self-shielding structures complicate the shielding calculation and design for accelerator rooms. The shielding calculation method should be improved to optimize the radiation shielding of novel accelerator rooms.

Discussion on shielding calculation method for proton therapy room / 中国辐射卫生

@#<b>Objective</b> To discuss the shielding calculation method for proton therapy room, and to provide a scientific basis for shielding design of proton therapy room and improvement of existing national standards. <b>Methods</b> Using the calculation formula and key characteristic parameters from national standards and Chinese and foreign literature, combining with the FLUKA Monte Carlo method, empirical formula calculation and Monte Carlo simulation were conducted for the neutron ambient dose equivalent rates of the focuses outside the shielding of proton therapy room. The estimation results of the two methods were analyzed. <b>Results</b> Relative to the calculation results of the single exponential formula in the two directions of 0° and 50° in the beam loss point of divergence slit (0.13 and 12.4), the calculation results of the double exponential formula (0.40 and 17.9) were more consistent with the Monte Carlo simulation results (0.32 ± 0.19 and 18.2 ± 4.98). The Monte Carlo simulation results of copper target and nickel target were similar, suggesting that the key characteristic parameters of concrete shielding for copper target could be well applied to the calculation of nickel target, but the neutron ambient dose equivalent rates were underestimated when applied to tantalum target, with a difference of 5.7 times and 1.3 times in the two directions of 0° and 40°, respectively. <b>Conclusion</b> The dose rate estimates based on the calculation formula and key characteristic parameters from Chinese and foreign literature are consistent with FLUKA simulation results, and this method can be used in the shielding design of proton therapy room as a supplement and improvement to the existing national standards.

Comparison of the Effects of Acarbose and TZQ-F, a New Kind of Traditional Chinese Medicine to Treat Diabetes, Chinese Healthy Volunteers.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance. TZQ-F has been traditionally used in Traditional Chinese Medicine as a formula for the treatment of diabetes. Aim of the Study. This study aims to compare the pharmacologic effects and gastrointestinal adverse events between TZQ-F and acarbose. Methods. The double-blind randomized placebo-controlled fivefold crossover study was performed in 20 healthy male volunteers. Plasma glucose, plasma IRI, and plasma C-peptide were measured to assess the pharmacologic effects. Flatus and bowel activity were measured to assess the adverse event of gastrointestinal effect. Results. 3 and 4 tablets of TZQ decreased the C max of plasma glucose compared with that of the previous day and with placebo. 3 tablets also decreased C max of plasma C-peptide compared with placebo. 4 tablets increased C max of plasma insulin after breakfast and the AUC of plasma C-peptide after breakfast and dinner. 2 tablets did not decrease plasma glucose and elevated the C max and AUC of C-peptide after breakfast and dinner, respectively. Acarbose 50 mg decreased the C max of plasma insulin and C-peptide after breakfast and the C max of plasma glucose and C-peptide after dinner. The subjects who received TZQ did not report any abdominal adverse events. Conclusions. 3 tablets of TZQ have the same effects as the acarbose.

Regulation effects on abnormal glucose and lipid metabolism of TZQ-F, a new kind of Traditional Chinese Medicine.

AIM OF THE STUDY: Based on the recipe of the traditional anti-diabetic formula TZQ, we developed TZQ-F, a new formula including 8 fractions isolated from Red Paeony root, Mulberry leaf, Lotus leaf, Danshen root and Hawthorn leaf with a good quality assurance. The study was aimed at fraction preparation and effects of the fractions on abnormal glucose and lipid metabolism. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The active fractions were obtained by macroporous resin, ion-exchange resin and polyamide resin column chromatographies. HPLC analyses were used for quality control. In vitro mechanism study included DPPH radical scavenging, AGEs formation inhibition, alpha-glucosidase inhibition and lipase inhibition, and rats on high-fat diet were used for in vivo study. RESULTS: In vitro mechanism study showed that among the 8 fractions, three of them had inhibition effects on intestinal disaccharase, three with inhibition effects on lipase, and five with effects of free radical scavenging. In vivo study showed that after 4 weeks of treatment, TZQ-F significantly decreased the levels of serum total cholesterol, TG, glucose, LDL-C and HDL-C in rats on high-fat diet. Consistent with the in vitro and in vivo results, histology study demonstrated that TZQ-F alleviated hepatic steatosis induced by high-fat diet. CONCLUSIONS: TZQ-F possesses the potential regulation effects on abnormal glucose and lipid metabolism.

Research traditional Chinese medicine properties by detecting rats' monoamine neurotransmitter after given two different traditional Chinese medicine / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To find out the essence of the traditional Chinese medicine properties from detecting the rats' monoamine neurotransmitter after given different traditional Chinese drug.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>The property of rhizome curcumae and radix curcumae is opposite, they were given to rats respectively for one month. Next, HPLC-ECD method was used to detect the rats' monoamine neurotransmitter in different encephalic region.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>Rhizome curcumae can raise the rats' monoamine neurotransmitter, but radix curcumae inhibits the rats' monoamine neurotransmitter.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>There are correlations between the traditional Chinese medicine properties and monoamine neurotransmitter.</p>

Current status, problems and countermeasures for properties theory of Chinese medicinal herbs / 中国中药杂志

This research has analyzed the current status, problems for the properties theory of Chinese medicinal herbs. Proposed that the Chinese medicine literature research is a foundation, the research of properties theory of Chinese medicinal herbs should under the'Chinese medicine theory instruction. It must use the modern scientific method to study and unify the Chinese medicine superiority, establish the standards and reveal the scientific essence of Chinese medicine property.

Suggestion on standardizing clinical standard of medicinal materials and cut crude drugs in Chinese Pharmacopoeia 2010 edition / 中国中药杂志

To better standardize clinical standard of medicinal materials and cut crude drugs in Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2010 edition, Volume I) and finish compiling work of relevant matching book named Clinical Guide to the Chinese Pharmacopoeia, based on analyzing the problems in clinical standard of medicinal materials and cut crude drugs in Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2005 edition, Volume I), feasibly practicable revising suggestion of standardizing clinical standard of medicinal materials and cut crude drugs in Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2010 edition, Volume I) is proposed.

Effects of Qilantangzhining Capsule on Hepatocyte Apoptosis and Expression of Bax and Bcl-2 in Rats with Diabetes Mellitus and Hyperlipemia / 中华中医药杂志

Objective: To study the mechanism of Qilantangzhining Capsule in treating diabetes mellitus complicated with hyperlipemia. Method: Rats were fed with high sugar and fat food for 2 months, and then 2% streptozocin (STZ, 30mg/kg) was injected intraperitoneally to induce hyperglycemic and hyperlipemic model. Thereafter, the model rats were administrated the drug. Flow cytometry (FCM) were used to detect effects of the capsule on hepatocyte apoptosis and the expression of related regulating genes, Bax and Bcl-2. Result: The rate of cell apoptosis remarkably increased among the model rats, the expression of Bax was significantly enhanced and that of Bcl-2 was decreased. Qilantangzhining Capsule could remarkably decrease the rate of cell apoptosis, decrease the expression of Bax, and increase that of Bcl-2. Conclusion: Qilantangzhining Capsule can prevent hepatocyte apoptosis by adjust the expression of Bax and Bcl-2, and accordingly provide evidences for its role in adjusting the metabolic disorders of sugar and fat.