RESUMO
Background: In Ethiopia, wasting is still a serious public health problem in under-5 children regardless of the efforts done within the country. Although studies have been conducted in Ethiopia, multilevel analysis has rarely been used to identify the factors associated with wasting among children. Therefore, this study aimed to identify the factors of wasting among under-5 children in Ethiopia using multilevel ordinal logistic regression analysis. Methods: The data were obtained from the 2016 Ethiopia Demographic and Health Survey, conducted from January to June 2016. A sample of 8,919 children under-5 years was included. Data were analyzed using STATA version 14. A multilevel logistic regression model was fitted and an adjusted odds ratio (AOR) with a 95% confidence interval (CI) was obtained. Results: The prevalence of wasting among children under-5 years was 10.1% (901), of which 8.1% (632) had moderate wasting and 3.0% (269) had severe wasting. Children aged 36-47 months (AOR = 0.5; 95% CI: 0.4, 0.63), 48-59 (AOR = 0.5; 95% CI: 0.4-0.63), girls (AOR = 0.75; 95% CI: 0.65, 0.87), smaller-than-average birth weight (AOR = 1.94; 95% CI: 1.44, 2.61), very small birth weight (AOR = 1.75; 95% CI: 1.34, 2.30) were the individual-level factors associated with wasting, whereas husband's educational status (AOR = 0.37; 95% CI: 0.29, 0.69) was the household-level factor. Somalia (AOR = 1.72; 95% CI: 1.08, 2.74), Sothern Nations Nationalities and People (SNNP) (AOR = 0.39; 95% CI: 0.24, 0.64), and Addis Ababa (AOR = 0.43; 95% CI: 0.21, 0.88) regions were the community-level factors associated with child wasting. Conclusion: This study shows that wasting among children under-5 years is affected by individual, household, and community-level factors. Interventions should be strengthened to give attention to the child's early age, male sex, low birth weight, and husband's educational status. In addition, interventions should target the regions identified to have a high risk of wasting.
RESUMO
Background: Globally, occupational risk factors are thought to be responsible for at least 1.9 million deaths and 90 million disability-adjusted life years per year. Occupational injury survivorship has increased in Ethiopia in recent years. However, the vast majority of the victims are young people who are impacted in their everyday life as a result of occupational injuries. While research in developed countries has revealed several factors related to early return to work, there have been very few studies of significance in underdeveloped countries, including Ethiopia. Methods: Metalworkers who had an occupational accident between January 1, 2017, and December 31, 2021, were investigated in a facility-based retrospective cohort. Data was collected from 422 medical records and registration books using a standardized abstraction tool. STATA 15 was used to analyze the data. The median time it took to return to work was computed. The Kaplan Meier survival curve was used to estimate the time to return to work across covariates. A multivariable Cox proportional hazard model was used to identify statistically significant predictors of return to work. Results: After a median of 45 days away from work, 310 of the 422 (73.5%) cases returned to work (95% CI 39.7-50.2). The total incidence density of return to work was 1.21 (95% CI = 1.01-1.30) per 100 person-days observed. Professional certification (AHR: 2.15, 95% CI: 1.62-2.87), working as a rigger (AHR: 1.59, 95% CI 1.20-2.10), having dependents at home (AHR = 1.59, 95% CI = 1.09-2.64), and injuries caused by body movement without any physical stress (AHR = 2.61, 95% CI = 1.92-3.56) were all associated with return to work. Conclusion: Return to work is influenced by a range of factors other than the type or severity of the injury incurred. Multidisciplinary approaches such as clinical treatment and rehabilitation, ergonomics interventions, and economic and social assistance should be prioritized in the efforts to aid employees' return to work.
