Integrating artificial intelligence to assess emotions in learning environments: a systematic literature review.

Introduction: Artificial Intelligence (AI) is transforming multiple sectors within our society, including education. In this context, emotions play a fundamental role in the teaching-learning process given that they influence academic performance, motivation, information retention, and student well-being. Thus, the integration of AI in emotional assessment within educational environments offers several advantages that can transform how we understand and address the socio-emotional development of students. However, there remains a lack of comprehensive approach that systematizes advancements, challenges, and opportunities in this field. Aim: This systematic literature review aims to explore how artificial intelligence (AI) is used to evaluate emotions within educational settings. We provide a comprehensive overview of the current state of research, focusing on advancements, challenges, and opportunities in the domain of AI-driven emotional assessment within educational settings. Method: The review involved a search across the following academic databases: Pubmed, Web of Science, PsycINFO and Scopus. Forty-one articles were selected that meet the established inclusion criteria. These articles were analyzed to extract key insights related to the integration of AI and emotional assessment within educational environments. Results: The findings reveal a variety of AI-driven approaches that were developed to capture and analyze students' emotional states during learning activities. The findings are summarized in four fundamental topics: (1) emotion recognition in education, (2) technology integration and learning outcomes, (3) special education and assistive technology, (4) affective computing. Among the key AI techniques employed are machine learning and facial recognition, which are used to assess emotions. These approaches demonstrate promising potential in enhancing pedagogical strategies and creating adaptive learning environments that cater to individual emotional needs. The review identified emerging factors that, while important, require further investigation to understand their relationships and implications fully. These elements could significantly enhance the use of AI in assessing emotions within educational settings. Specifically, we are referring to: (1) federated learning, (2) convolutional neural network (CNN), (3) recurrent neural network (RNN), (4) facial expression databases, and (5) ethics in the development of intelligent systems. Conclusion: This systematic literature review showcases the significance of AI in revolutionizing educational practices through emotion assessment. While advancements are evident, challenges related to accuracy, privacy, and cross-cultural validity were also identified. The synthesis of existing research highlights the need for further research into refining AI models for emotion recognition and emphasizes the importance of ethical considerations in implementing AI technologies within educational contexts.

Positive mental health of Latin American university professors: A scientific framework for intervention and improvement.

The post-pandemic stage covid-19 has revealed overloads, ambiguities, and conflicts of teachers in the performance of new roles in hybrid classrooms that demanded an urgent adaptation, this highlighted the need for priority attention to the mental health of teachers, however, there are still insufficient studies that transcend the diagnosis and are committed to establish proposals for improvement. OBJECTIVE: This study aims to establish a proposal for the promotion of positive mental health (PMH). METHODS: The study was deployed from a qualitative approach; using an ethnomethodological design that allowed studying how teachers create meanings and sense in their work context, an appreciative interview was conducted with an affirmative theme that allowed teachers to expose their experiences that were systematized and processed with ATLAS. ti software. The application of the interview was conducted online through a Google form, during the months of February and March 2023. Three hundred university professors who experienced the pandemic in universities in Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, Mexico, and Peru participated, based on a convenience sampling. RESULTS: The results of the deductive phase confirmed Lluch's PMH theoretical framework; however, new nuances or variations have been identified, which must be considered in the complex and dynamic nature of each PMH factor. From there, the results of the inductive phase allowed revealing emerging concepts, that is, new categories that would have the function of improving the PMH factors, which is why they have been denominated: dynamizing nuclei. PMH dynamizing nuclei are adjustment to work environment, soft skills, work-family balance, self-motivation, self-efficacy, subjective well-being, proactive strategies, engagement, resilience. CONCLUSIONS: Finally, with the results of both phases, the creation of an integrated model was generated, which was evaluated by six experts in a round of feedback, who highlighted the relevance of the findings and offered recommendations that were considered in the study. The new integrated model has revealed an interesting association, since it not only legitimizes the PMH's dynamizing cores, but also informs on which specific factor of the PMH these cores have the greatest impact, which has a high guiding value for intervention and improvement based on focused strategies.

Psychometric Properties of the Spanish Burnout Inventory in University Teachers in Hybrid Education.

Introduction: The scientific literature argues the urgent need for adequate tools to assess burnout in human service professionals, however, little progress has been made on this in university teachers in hybrid environments, even though after the pandemic, these work scenarios are predominant. Objective: To determine the psychometric properties of invariance between male and female teachers of hybrid education in the Spanish Burnout Inventory (SBI). Method: The anonymous, self-administered SBI was administered to 1060 university teachers in Lima, Peru, from online random sampling. Of the total number of participants, 626 were women (59.1%) and 434 were men (40.9%), with an age range of 22 to 76 years, with a mean of 46.97 and a standard deviation of 10.256. It should be noted that 74.5% of the teachers worked full time. The analysis used the statistical programs AMOS v24, SPSS v26 and R-Project v4.1.2. First, a descriptive analysis of the data was performed, as well as a multivariate normality test of the data. Secondly, confirmatory factor analysis was performed; finally, a factorial invariance test was performed. Results: Cronbach's alpha of the SBI was 0.827, and for each subscale: Enthusiasm toward the job (0.742), Psychological exhaustion (0.889), Indolence (0.819), Guilt (0.816). According to the fit indicators, the confirmatory factor model is adequate. The results supported configural invariance, metric invariance, scalar invariance, and strict invariance in the male and female groups, although further investigation of some items specific to the indolence factor is needed. Conclusion: The SBI is a valid instrument to assess burnout in university teachers in hybrid environments. Studies associated with the SBI focus on its psychometric properties, burnout prevalence, related variables, and literature reviews. The validation of the SBI in various countries and service areas is discussed, as well as future implications for intervention in burnout prevention and mastery.

Factor Structure and Measurement Invariance of the Spanish Burnout Inventory Among Professionals Across 17 Countries and Regions.

Studies on the prevalence of burnout in professionals in service organizations who work in direct contact with the clients or users of the organization have concluded that burnout is a serious health disorder that has increased due to the COVID-19 pandemic. A significant advantage of the Spanish Burnout Inventory (SBI) over other instruments is that it provides a broader conceptualization of burnout by including feelings of guilt as a dimension of burnout to explain its development. However, the measurement invariance of the SBI across countries has not been investigated. The purpose of this study was to test the measurement invariance of the SBI among professionals across 17 countries and regions in Europe, Latin America, and Asia, and in different languages. All the countries showed a good fit to the four-factor model, except the Indian sample, which was excluded from the measurement invariance study. Using the alignment method, it was possible to verify the scalar measurement invariance of the four SBI factors across 15 countries and one Spanish region (16 samples). The comparison of estimated latent means indicates that France is the country with the lowest scores on the Enthusiasm factor and the highest scores on the negative factors (Exhaustion, Indolence, and Guilt). In contrast, the Andean countries, Colombia, Peru, and Ecuador, show the highest latent means on the Enthusiasm factor and the lowest means on the negative factors. These results support the validity of the SBI in the countries and regions in Europe and Latin America included in this study.

La producción científica de investigadores cubanos sobre hipertensión arterial en Scopus / The scientific production of cuban researchers on arterial hypertension in Scopus

Señor director: La producción científica sobre hipertensión arterial en Scopus, en la que participan investigadores cubanos, es significativa y ofrece aportes importantes a la Medicina. Así, Cuba se destaca entre los siete primeros países de Latinoamérica con mayor número de producción científica sobre hipertensión arterial en esta prestigiosa base de datos bibliográfica. En la actualidad, los estudios bibliométricos existentes en Scopus sobre esta temática (que son muy escasos) no se detienen, suficientemente, en el reconocimiento de la producción científica latinoamericana y en particular la producción científica cubana. La hipertensión arterial (HTA) es una de las afecciones de mayor incidencia en casi todos los países del mundo,1 de ahí la tendencia global de ser cada vez más efectivos en su concepción, diagnóstico, tratamiento, prevención, promoción y educación en salud. Por ello, las producciones científicas son un aspecto esencial en la que se cristalizan valiosas prácticas, experiencias y saberes que se constituyen en un legado a la humanidad. Cuba cuenta con una trayectoria...(AU)

Dinámica interactiva del autodesarrollo personal-profesional en la formación socio-humanista del estudiante de medicina / Interactive dynamics of personal and profesional self-development in the socio-humanistic formation of the medical student

Introducción: Los médicos tienen un rol trascendental en la sociedad en tanto se constituyen en gestores de uno de los principales tesoros del ser humano: la salud. El presente estudio hace énfasis en el proceso formativo de estos profesionales, al considerar el comportamiento del estudiante de medicina, y la importancia de sus relaciones sociales e interpersonales, para una adecuada proyección humana en el contexto socio-profesional. Objetivo: Elaborar el modelo de la dinámica interactiva de autodesarrollo personal-profesional en la formación socio-humanista del estudiante de medicina. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio longitudinal, con enfoque cualitativo, desde el paradigma socio-crítico, a través del método de estudio de casos múltiples. Para la recolección de la información se empleó la entrevista a profundidad, el cuestionario y los grupos focales, que se constituyeron en la base empírica del modelo propuesto, el cual fue construido con el método holístico-dialéctico. Resultados: La novedad científica del estudio se constata en la lógica de la formación socio-humanista del estudiante de medicina, configurada desde el autodesarrollo personal profesional, que con carácter social-interactivo se expresa en la construcción formativa de nuevos autorreferentes personales en y para la profesión médica. Conclusiones: El modelo de la dinámica interactiva del autodesarrollo personal-profesional en la formación socio-humanista del estudiante de medicina expresa la unidad dialéctica entre la dimensión formativa humana-profesional y la dimensión trascendente socio-humanista profesional, donde se revela como regularidad esencial la sistematización formativa de autorreferentes personales en y para la profesión(AU)

Introduction: Doctors have a transcendental role in society as they become managers of one of the main treasures of the human being: health. This study emphasizes the training process of these professionals, considering the medical students' behavioras well as the importance of their social and interpersonal relationships, for an adequate human projection in the socio-professional context. Objective: To elaborate the model of the interactive dynamics of personal-professional self-development in the socio-humanistic training of the medical student. Methods: A longitudinal study was carried out, with a qualitative approach and using the socio-critical paradigm through the method of multiple case study. To collect the information, in-depth interview, questionnaire and focus groups were used, which became the empirical basis of the proposed model, which was built with the holistic-dialectical method. Results: The scientific novelty of the study is found in the logic of the socio-humanist training of medical students, shaped from professional personal self-development, which, with a social-interactive character, is expressed in the formative construction of new personal self-referents in and for the medical profession. Conclusions: The model of the interactive dynamics of personal-professional self-development in the socio-humanist training of the medical student expresses the dialectical unity between the human-professional formative dimension and the transcendent professional socio-humanist dimension, where the essential regularity revealed is the formative systematization of personal self-referents in and for the profession(AU)