RESUMO
Carcinosarcoma is a malignant mixed Müllerian tumor with a highly malignant, biphasic tumor consisting of both epithelial and mesenchymal components. A 59-year-old nulligravida came with postmenopausal bleeding. Hysteroscopy revealed highly vascular polypoidal mass with prominent vasculature. Gross examination of specimen showed a polypoid mass, occupying whole uterine cavity and invading more than half of myometrium. Immunohistochemical analysis showed epithelial component AE1/AE3 and stromal component desi and p16. Tumor cells were negative for ER. As carcinosarcoma is a highly aggressive less common variant of endometrial cancer, early diagnosis and aggressive treatment are important to minimize morbidity and overall survival.
RESUMO
BACKGROUND: Artificial intelligence or 'big data' comprises of algorithms which aid in decision making. It has made an impact on a number of professions including obstetrics and gynecology. OBJECTIVE: To make readers aware of where artificial intelligence has a role in obstetrics and gynecology. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A comprehensive review of the literature was undertaken to compile a list of instances where artificial intelligence was applied to obstetrics and gynecology. CONCLUSION: Artificial intelligence should be utilized to benefit patient care and assist the physician in providing data for decision making.
RESUMO
CONTEXT: Intravaginal placement of misoprostol has been used extensively to terminate second trimester pregnancies. Intracervical misoprostol is an alternative method of termination of pregnancy for women in this period of gestation. OBJECTIVE: To assess the efficacy and safety of combined intracervical and intravaginal misoprostol in the management of mid-trimester medical termination of pregnancy and to compare it with intravaginal misoprostol. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this IRB approved prospective study, twenty-two women (mean age 25.4 ± 3.2 years, range 23-32 years; mean BMI 22.3 ± 3.4 kg/m(2); mean parity 2.1 ± 1.4, average gestational age 17.9 ± 2.4 weeks) underwent second trimester termination of pregnancy at our institution. Patient cohort was randomized into two treatment protocols depending on the drug used and route of administration. Induction-abortion interval, need for surgical evacuation, completeness of abortion and side effects if any were documented. RESULTS: Mean induction-abortion interval for intravaginal group and combination group was comparable (t = 7.9 ± 1.8 and 6.5 ± 3.5 h, respectively). Three patients required surgical evacuation for incomplete abortion (n = 2 after vaginal misoprostol and one after intracervical-intravaginal misoprostol). Number of patients aborting within 6 h was more in the intracervical-intravaginal group (36.3 %). Patients with intracervical misoprostol complained of abdominal pain more often than those in other groups. Excessive bleeding and uterine rupture was not seen in any patient. CONCLUSION: Intracervical misoprostol is an effective method of medical treatment of second trimester pregnancy failure. Its short induction to abortion interval and acceptable safety profile makes induction via the cervical route acceptable for second trimester abortion.
