Estimation of canine prostatic size by in vivo ultrasound and volumetric measurement.

Two methods for estimating the weight of the canine prostate gland in vivo were investigated. Twenty-six beagle dogs underwent transrectal and transabdominal ultrasound examination of the prostate, followed by careful, standardized caliper measurement of the prostate at surgical exploration. The prostate glands were then removed and weighed, and nomograms were constructed for use in future laboratory research. The validity of these nomograms for determining prostate weight in vivo was confirmed on evaluation of 6 additional dogs.

Inferior vena cava CT pseudothrombus produced by rapid arm-vein contrast infusion.

Laminar flow within the inferior vena cava can cause artifacts that may simulate thrombus if a foot-vein infusion is used. A "pseudothrombus" artifact within the suprarenal inferior vena cava produced by rapid infusion of contrast material through an arm vein is reported. This artifact was noted in 25 patients in a 6 month period and was believed to be from laminar flow of renal venous effluent of increased opacity around less opacified infrarenal caval contents. Differentiation from true thrombus can be made by the use of delayed scans as well as the increased density and relatively poor margination of the artifact.

Control of swallowing by use of topical anesthesia during digital subtraction angiography.

Involuntary swallowing and other forms of patient motion are the greatest source of image degradation in digital subtraction angiograms of the extracranial carotid and vertebral arteries. If a patient gargles with a recommended dose of 2% viscous lidocaine, the urge and ability to swallow are reduced and image quality is improved.