RESUMO
BACKGROUND: The current diagnosis of protein energy wasting (PEW) is based on scoring systems that lack precision in measuring muscle deficits. We undertook this cross-sectional study to determine the prevalence of PEW in children with chronic kidney disease (CKD) using a scoring system that included dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) for measuring lean body mass (LBM) and to determine the prevalence of selected markers in PEW. METHODS: Thirty CKD and 20 healthy children (1-18 years) were evaluated for (1) reduced dietary protein intake (DPI); (2) BMI < fifth centile for height age (BMI/HA); (3) serum albumin < 3.8 g/dl, cholesterol < 100 mg/dl, or CRP > 3 mg/L; (4) LBM < fifth centile for height age [LBMr] on DEXA. PEW was scored as minimal-one parameter positive in 2/4 categories; standard-one parameter positive in 3/4 categories; or modified-standard plus height < 2 SD. RESULTS: Twenty children with CKD (66.7%) had PEW, (5/9) 55% in CKD 3, and (15/21) 71% in advanced CKD; minimal 12, standard 1, and modified 7. LBMr was seen in 20 (100%), reduced DPI in 16 (80%), and BMI/HA in 6 (30%) children with PEW. LBMr had 100% sensitivity and BMI/HA 100% specificity. LBMr was seen in 8 who had no other criteria for PEW. None of the parameters were positive in controls (p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: PEW prevalence in CKD was high. Both prevalence and severity were higher in advanced CKD. LBMr was a highly sensitive marker to detect PEW. LBMr seen in some children with CKD who were negative for other markers could represent subclinical PEW.
Assuntos
Desnutrição Proteico-Calórica , Insuficiência Renal Crônica , Criança , Humanos , Proteínas Alimentares , Estudos Transversais , Absorciometria de Fóton , Desnutrição Proteico-Calórica/diagnóstico , Desnutrição Proteico-Calórica/epidemiologia , Desnutrição Proteico-Calórica/etiologia , Insuficiência Renal Crônica/complicações , Insuficiência Renal Crônica/diagnóstico , Insuficiência Renal Crônica/epidemiologia , CaquexiaRESUMO
Spontaneous vertebral artery dissection (VAD) is relatively rare but an important cause of posterior circulation stroke. A 46-year-male complaining of sudden onset headache, neck pain with right-sided neuro deficit in the form of hemiparesis was evaluated by contrast magnetic resonance imaging and dual-energy computed tomography (CT) and brain neck angiography which revealed a short segment extracranial left-sided VAD, associated with acute infarct in the left occipital region. The patient was managed conservatively and followed up for 6 months. Follow-up CT angiography after a period of 6 months revealed the near complete resolution of the arterial dissection in left vertebral artery.
