Combined Robotic Ventral Mesh Rectopexy and Sacrocolpopexy for Multicompartmental Pelvic Organ Prolapse.

BACKGROUND: Multispecialty management should be the preferred approach for the treatment of pelvic floor dysfunction because there is often multicompartmental prolapse. OBJECTIVE: To assess the safety of combined robotic ventral mesh rectopexy and either uterine or vaginal fixation for the treatment of multicompartmental pelvic organ prolapse at our institution. DESIGN: Retrospective analysis. SETTINGS: Tertiary referral academic center. PATIENTS: All patients who underwent a robotic approach and combined procedure and whose cases were discussed at a biweekly pelvic floor multidisciplinary team meeting. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Operative time, intraoperative blood loss and complications, postoperative pelvic organ prolapse quantification score, length of stay, 30-day morbidity, and readmission. RESULTS: From 2018 to 2021, there were 321 operations for patients with multicompartmental prolapse. The mean age was 63.4 years. The predominant pelvic floor dysfunction was rectal prolapse in 170 cases (60%). Pelvic organ prolapse quantification scores were II in 146 patients (53%), III in 121 patients (44%), and IV in 9 patients (3%); 315 of 323 cases included robotic ventral mesh rectopexy (98%). Sacrocolpopexy or sacrohysteropexy was performed in 281 patients (89%). Other procedures included 175 hysterectomies (54%), 104 oophorectomies (32%), 151 sling procedures (47%), 149 posterior repairs (46%), and 138 cystocele repairs (43%). The operative time for ventral mesh rectopexy was 211 minutes and for combined pelvic floor reconstruction was 266 minutes. Average length of stay was 1.6 days. Eight patients were readmitted within 30 days: 1 with a severe headache and 7 with postoperative complications (2.5%), such as pelvic collection and perirectal collection, both requiring radiologic drainage. Four complications required reoperation: epidural abscess, small-bowel obstruction, missed enterotomy requiring resection, and urinary retention requiring sling revision. There were no mortalities. LIMITATIONS: Retrospective single-center study. CONCLUSIONS: A combined robotic approach for multicompartmental pelvic organ prolapse is a safe and viable procedure with a relatively low rate of morbidity and no mortality. This is the highest volume series of combined robotic pelvic floor reconstruction in the literature and demonstrates a low complication rate and short length of stay. See Video Abstract . RECTOPEXIA Y SACROCOLPOPEXIA ROBTICA VENTRAL COMBINADAS CON MALLA PARA EL PROLAPSO DE RGANOS PLVICOS MULTICOMPARTIMENTALES: ANTECEDENTES:El tratamiento multiespecializado debe ser el enfoque preferido para el tratamiento de la disfunción del suelo pélvico, ya que a menudo hay prolapso multicompartimental.OBJETIVO:Evaluar la seguridad de la rectopexia robótica combinada con malla ventral y fijación uterina o vaginal para el tratamiento del prolapso multicompartimental de órganos pélvicos en nuestra institución.DISEÑO:Análisis retrospectivo.AJUSTES:Centro académico de referencia terciarioPACIENTES:Todos los pacientes que se sometieron a un enfoque robótico y un procedimiento combinado y se discutieron en una reunión quincenal del equipo multidisciplinario sobre el piso pélvico.MEDIDAS DE RESULTADO:Tiempo operatorio, pérdida de sangre intraoperatoria y complicaciones. Puntuación de cuantificación del prolapso de órganos pélvicos posoperatorio, duración de la estancia hospitalaria, morbilidad a 30 días y reingreso.RESULTADOS:De 2018 a 2021, se realizaron 321 operaciones de pacientes con prolapso multicompartimental. La edad media fue 63.4 años. La disfunción del suelo pélvico predominante fue el prolapso rectal en 170 casos (60%). Las puntuaciones de cuantificación del prolapso de órganos pélvicos fueron II en 146 pacientes (53%), III en 121 (44%) y IV en 9 (3%); 315 de los 323 casos incluyeron rectopexia robótica de malla ventral (98%). Se realizó sacrocolpopexia o sacrohisteropexia en 281 pacientes (89%). Otros procedimientos incluyeron 175 histerectomías (54%), 104 ooforectomías (32%), 151 procedimientos de cabestrillo (47%), 149 reparaciones posteriores (46%) y 138 reparaciones de cistocele (43%). El tiempo operatorio para la rectopexia con malla ventral fue de 211 minutos y la reconstrucción combinada del piso pélvico de 266 minutos. La estancia media fue de 1.6 días. Ocho pacientes reingresaron dentro de los 30 días, 1 con dolor de cabeza intenso y 7 pacientes con complicaciones posoperatorias (2.5%): colección pélvica y colección perirrectal, ambas requirieron drenaje radiológico. Cuatro complicaciones requirieron reoperación: absceso epidural, obstrucción del intestino delgado, enterotomía omitida que requirió resección y retención urinaria que requirió revisión del cabestrillo. No hubo mortalidades.LIMITACIONES:Estudio retrospectivo unicéntrico.CONCLUSIONES:Un enfoque robótico combinado para el prolapso multicompartimental de órganos pélvicos es un procedimiento seguro y viable con una tasa relativamente baja de morbilidad y ninguna mortalidad. Esta es la serie de mayor volumen de reconstrucción robótica combinada del suelo pélvico en la literatura y demuestra una baja tasa de complicaciones y una estancia hospitalaria corta. (Traducción-Dr. Aurian Garcia Gonzalez )See Editorial on page 195.

Transanal Endoscopic Platforms: TAMIS versus Rigid Platforms: Pros and Cons.

Transanal endoscopic surgery encompasses the minimally invasive surgical techniques used to operate in the rectum under magnification while maintaining pneumorectum via a resectoscope or port. The view, magnification, and surgical precision afforded by these advanced transanal techniques have resulted in excellent specimen quality and low recurrence rates, especially compared with traditional transanal surgery. For rigid platforms, the surgeon operates through a rigid 4-cm diameter steel proctoscope of varying lengths that is clamped to the operating table with an articulating arm. Transanal minimally invasive surgery (TAMIS) is a newer flexible platform using a disposable port which "hooks" into the anorectal ring to remain in place. The cost-effectiveness and versatility of the TAMIS platform have resulted in its popularity and use in more advanced applications such as transanal total mesorectal excision. Ultimately, the choice of operating platform should be based on surgeon preference, patient characteristics, availability, and cost. The pros and cons of each platform will be discussed in this article.

Transanal minimally invasive surgery for rectal cancer.

Due to the increased uptake of rectal cancer screening and the increasing rates of complete clinical response to chemoradiotherapy, more early-stage and down-staged rectal cancers are being treated. This has triggered surgeons to question the necessity for proctectomy and its associated morbidity and consider local excision and organ preservation in selected cases. Transanal minimally invasive surgery (TAMIS) has evolved as an oncologically safe yet cost-effective platform for local excision of rectal tumors using traditional laparoscopic instruments. This review highlights the recent advances and current role of TAMIS in the treatment of rectal cancer.

The Impact of Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy on Margin Re-excision in Breast-Conserving Surgery.

BACKGROUND: Neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) can improve cosmesis by reducing resection volume. Breast-conserving surgery (BCS) aims to achieve clear excision margins while optimizing cosmesis. However, the influence of NAC on margin re-excision after BCS is unclear. This study examines the rate and determinants of margin re-excision in patients undergoing BCS following NAC in our institution. METHODS: From 2011-2015, all patients treated with NAC prior to BCS were identified from a prospectively maintained database. Mann-Whitney and Fisher's exact test tests were used to compare variables in patients who did and did not require re-excision. Patients undergoing primary surgical treatment in 2015 comprised an unmatched comparison group. RESULTS: Of 211 patients treated with NAC, 69 initially underwent BCS. The re-excision rate was 32% (n = 22) compared to 17% in the primary operable group (38 of 221, p = 0.02). Re-excision rates were lowest in triple-negative and HER2+ tumors (0% and 10%, respectively). Lobular carcinoma and ER+ tumors had a significantly higher rate of re-excision (100% and 42%, respectively). Of 22 patients undergoing re-excision, 9 had further BCS and 13 had a mastectomy. CONCLUSION: The re-excision rate following NAC is almost twice that of patients who underwent primary operative management. Her2+ and triple-negative tumors have lower re-excision rates and may represent a selected cohort most suitable for BCS. Patients with invasive lobular carcinoma or ER+ disease have significantly higher rates of margin positivity, and these patients should be considered for a cavity shave during primary surgery to reduce the rates of re-excision.

Breast screening in symptomatic women over 35 years of age: improvements in service efficiency.

INTRODUCTION: The rationalization of cancer services in Ireland saw all women with symptomatic breast problems referred to one of the eight regional cancer centers. A pilot triaging system was introduced in St Vincent's University Hospital to streamline these services. Women over 35 years who do not meet urgent referral criteria are referred for a mammogram prior to a clinic appointment ("image first"). The aim of this study was to retrospectively determine the recall rates, biopsy rates, and rate of breast cancer identification within this cohort of patients. This was compared to a screening population of patients. METHODS: Patients triaged into the "image first" group within a one-year period were identified. Results of the initial mammogram, further imaging and subsequent biopsies were recorded. Data relating to number of recalls, number of patients biopsied and number of cancers identified within the Merrion Unit of the National Breastcheck Screening Program was obtained for comparison. RESULTS: One thousand six hundred eighty-eight referrals were triaged as "image first" over this period. 185 (11%) of patients required a biopsy of an identified lesion. Breast cancer was diagnosed in 65 patients (3.9%). During the same study period, of the 42,099 women who were screened for breast cancer, 496 (1.8%) underwent biopsy and 267 (0.63%) were diagnosed with breast cancer. CONCLUSION: Image first patients, who represent a cohort of "symptomatic" non-urgent women, have a greater rate of breast cancer detection than an asymptomatic screening population. This may have an impact on the appropriate triaging of symptomatic women in a national cancer center.

A review of sacral nerve stimulation parameters used in the treatment of faecal incontinence.

Sacral nerve stimulation (SNS) was originally developed in the field of urinary incontinence. Without adaptation, it was subsequently applied to treat faecal incontinence. SNS has now become a first line therapy for this socially disabling condition, however the mechanism of action is unknown. This review examines the evidence for stimulation parameters currently used for SNS in humans and considers the potential electrophysiological effects of changing these parameters. However, without a proper understanding of the physiology of SNS, changing stimulation parameters remains empirical.

Influences of the colonic microbiome on the mucous gel layer in ulcerative colitis.

The colonic mucus gel layer (MGL) is a critical component of the innate immune system acting as a physical barrier to microbes, luminal insults, and toxins. Mucins are the major component of the MGL. Selected microbes have the potential to interact with, bind to, and metabolize mucins. The tolerance of the host to the presence of these microbes is critical to maintaining MGL homeostasis. In disease states such as ulcerative colitis (UC), both the mucosa associated microbes and the constituent MGL mucins have been shown to be altered. Evidence is accumulating that implicates the potential for mucin degrading bacteria to negatively impact the MGL and its stasis. These effects appear more pronounced in UC.   This review is focused on the host-microbiome interactions within the setting of the MGL. Special focus is given to the mucolytic potential of microbes and their interactions in the setting of the colitic colon.