One-pot synthesis of g-C3N4/N-doped CeO2 nanocomposites and their potential visible light-driven photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue dye.

In the pursuit of efficient photocatalytic materials for environmental applications, a new series of g-C3N4/N-doped CeO2 nanocomposites (g-C3N4/N-CeO2 NCs) was synthesized using a straightforward dispersion method. These nanocomposites were systematically characterized to understand their structural, optical, and chemical properties. The photocatalytic performance of g-C3N4/N-CeO2 NCs was evaluated by investigating their ability to degrade methylene blue (MB) dye, a model organic pollutant. The results demonstrate that the integration of g-C3N4 with N-doped CeO2 NCs reduces the optical energy gap compared to pristine N-doped CeO2, leading to enhanced photocatalytic efficiency. It is benefited from the existence of g-C3N4/N-CeO2 NCs not only in promoting the charge separation and inhibits the fast charge recombination but also in improving photocatalytic oxidation performance. Hence, this study highlights the potential of g-C3N4/N-CeO2 NCs as promising candidates for various photocatalytic applications, contributing to the advancement of sustainable environmental remediation technologies.

Catalytic biodiesel production from Jatropha curcas oil: A comparative analysis of microchannel, fixed bed, and microwave reactor systems with recycled ZSM-5 catalyst.

In this study, we studied the conversion of Jatropha curcas oil to biodiesel by using three distinct reactor systems: microchannel, fixed bed, and microwave reactors. ZSM-5 was used as the catalyst for this conversion and was thoroughly characterized. X-ray diffraction was used to identify the crystalline structure, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller analysis to determine surface area, and temperature-programmed desorption to evaluate thermal stability and acidic properties. These characterizations provided crucial insights into the catalyst's structural integrity and performance under reaction conditions. The microchannel reactor exhibited superior biodiesel yield compared to the fixed bed and microwave reactors, and achieved peak efficiency at 60 °C, delivering high FAEE yield (99.7%) and conversion rates (99.92%). Ethanol catalyst volume at 1% was optimal, while varying flow rates exhibited trade-offs, emphasizing the need for nuanced control. Comparative studies against microwave and fixed-bed reactors consistently favored the microchannel reactor, emphasizing its remarkable FAME percentages, high conversion rates, and adaptability to diverse operating conditions. The zig-zag configuration enhances its efficiency, making it the optimal choice for biodiesel production and showcasing promising prospects for advancing sustainable biofuel synthesis technologies.

Novel tetrahydroquinoline derivatives induce ROS-mediated apoptosis in glioblastoma cells.

Current treatment for Glioblastoma Multiforme (GBM) is not efficient due to its aggressive nature, tendency to infiltrate surrounding brain tissue, and chemotherapy resistance. Tetrahydroquinoline scaffolds are emerging as a new class of drug for treating many human cancers including GBM. This study investigates the cytotoxicity effect of eight novel derivatives of 2-((3,4-dihydroquinolin-1(2H)-yl)(aryl)methyl)phenol, containing substitute 1 with reduced dihydroquinoline fused with cyclohexene ring and substitute 2 with phenyl and methyl group. The 4-position of the aryl ring was determinant for the desired cytotoxicity, and out of the 8 synthesized compounds, the 4-trifluoromethyl substituted derivative (4ag) exhibited the most anti-GBM potential effect compared to the standard chemotherapeutic agent, temozolomide (TMZ), with IC50 values of 38.3 µM and 40.6 µM in SNB19 and LN229 cell lines, respectively. Our results demonstrated that 4ag triggers apoptosis through the activation of Caspase-3/7. In addition, 4ag induced intracellular reactive oxygen species (iROS) which in turn elevated mitochondrial ROS (mtROS) and causes the disruption of the mitochondrial membrane potential (Δψmt) in both GBM cells. This compound also exhibited anti-migratory properties over the time in both the cell lines. Overall, these findings suggest that tetrahydroquinoline derivative, 4ag could lead to the development of a new drug for treating GBM.

Bioaccumulation and health risk assessment of trace elements in Tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus) from selected inland water bodies.

The presence of toxic trace elements (TEs) has resulted in a worldwide deterioration in freshwater ecosystem quality. This study aimed to analyze the distribution of TEs, including chromium (Cr), nickel (Ni), arsenic (As), mercury (Hg), cadmium (Cd), and lead (Pb), in water, sediment, and organs of Tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus) collected from selected inland water bodies in Tamil Nadu, India. The water samples exhibited a range of concentrations for TEs: Cr varied from 0.014 to 5.193 µg/L, Ni ranged from 0.283 to 11.133 µg/L, As ranged from 0.503 to 1.519 µg/L, Cd from 0.001 to 0.616 µg/L, and Pb ranged from non-detectable (ND) to 6.103 µg/L. The concentrations of TEs in sediment were found to vary within the following ranges: 5.259 to 32.621 mg/kg for Cr, 1.932 to 30.487 mg/kg for Ni, 0.129 to 0.563 mg/kg for As, 0.003 to 0.011 mg/kg for Cd, ND to 0.003 mg/kg for Hg, and 0.404 to 1.575 mg/kg for Pb. The study found that the accumulation pattern of TE in fishes across all selected areas was liver > bone > gill > muscle. The organs had TE concentrations of Cr (ND-0.769 mg/kg), Ni (ND-1.053 mg/kg), As (0.002-0.080 mg/kg), Pb (ND-0.411 mg/kg), and Hg (ND-0.067 mg/kg), which was below the maximum residual limit prescribed by EC and FSSAI. The bioconcentration factor (BCF) of TEs exhibited a greater magnitude in comparison with the biota-sediment accumulation factor due to the higher concentration of TEs in fish and lower level in water. The assessment of both carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risks suggests that the consumption of Tilapia from the study region does not pose any significant risks.

Photo-catalytic dye degradation potentials of Ag-Pd bimetallic nanoparticles synthesized from Vitex negundo.

Plant extracts are a great alternative to synthesizing nanoparticles of different metals and metal oxides. This green synthesis method has opened up numerous possibilities in various scientific domains. In present study, Leaf extract from Vitex negundo is a non-deciduous, long-lasting shrub from the Verbenaceae family is used as capping and reducing agents for the synthesis of silver and palladium nanoparticles. The characterization study UV-vis spectrophotometer analysis showed absorbance value around 320 nm which confirming that Ag-Pd nanoparticles have been successfully obtained. Further, SEM is used to investigate the morphology of Ag-Pd NPs, which revealing their spherical and rod-like configuration, aggregation, and the size of the particles are obtained between 50 and 100 nm. The successful synthesis of Ag-Pd NPs was further confirmed by the EDAX chart, which displayed the peak of Ag and Pd at bending energies between 0.5 and 1.5 keV. According to the quantitative study, Ag and Pd ions found about 5.24 and 13.28%, respectively. In addition, surface studies with TEM confirming that synthesized Ag-Pd NPs are predominates with spheres structure morphologies, with sizes averaging 11.20 nm and ranging from 10 to 20 nm. Further, Ag-Pd nanoparticles was applied as potential photocatalyst materials to degrade methylene blue dye and found about 85% of the degradation efficiency within 150 min of the sunlight exposure thus could be used as catalyst to removal of hazardous organic dye molecules.

Growth phase-dependent ribonucleic acid production dynamics.

Transcriptional events play a crucial role in major cellular processes that specify the activity of an individual cells and influences cell population behavior in response to environment. Active (ON) and an inactive (OFF) states controls the transcriptional burst. Yet, the mechanism and kinetics of ON/OFF-state across the different growth phases of Escherichia coli remains elusive. Here, we have used a single mRNA detection method in live-cells to comprehend the ON/OFF mechanism of the first transcriptional (TF) and consecutive events (TC) controlled by lactose promoters, Plac and Plac/ara1. We determined that the duration of TF ON/OFF has different modes, exhibiting a close to inverse behavior to that of TC ON/OFF. Dynamics of ON/OFF states in fast and slow-dividing cells were affected by the promoter region during the initiation of transcription. Period of TF ON-state defines the behavior of TC by altering the number and the frequency of mRNAs formed. Furthermore, we have shown that delayed OFF-time in TF affects the dynamics of TC in both states, which is mainly determined by the upstream promoter region. Furthermore, using elongation arrest experiments, we independently validate that mRNA noise in TC is governed by the delayed OFF-period in TF. We have identified the position of the regulatory regions that plays a crucial role in noise (Fano) modulation. Taken together, our results suggest that the dynamics of the first transcriptional event, TF, pre-defines the diversity of the population.

Integrated Electrochemical Oxidation and Biodegradation for Remediation of a Neonicotinoid Insecticide Pollutant.

A novel integrated electrochemical oxidation (EO) and bacterial degradation (BD) technique was employed for the remediation of the chloropyridinyl and chlorothiazolyl classes of neonicotinoid (NEO) insecticides in the environment. Imidacloprid (IM), clothianidin (CL), acetamiprid (AC), and thiamethoxam (TH) were chosen as the target NEOs. Pseudomonas oleovorans SA2, identified through 16S rRNA gene analysis, exhibited the potential for BD. In EO, for the selected NEOs, the total percentage of chemical oxygen demand (COD) was noted in a range of 58-69%, respectively. Subsequently, in the biodegradation of EO-treated NEOs (BEO) phase, a higher percentage (80%) of total organic carbon removal was achieved. The optimum concentration of NEOs was found to be 200 ppm (62%) for EO, while for BEO, the COD efficiency was increased up to 79%. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy confirms that the heterocyclic group and aromatic ring were degraded in the EO and further utilized by SA2. Gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy indicated up to 96% degradation of IM and other NEOs in BD (BEO) compared to that of EO (73%). New intermediate molecules such as silanediamine, 1,1-dimethyl-n,n'-diphenyl produced during the EO process served as carbon sources for bacterial growth and further mineralized. As a result, BEO enhanced the removal of NEOs with a higher efficiency of COD and a lower consumption of energy. The removal efficiency of the NEOs by the integrated approach was achieved in the order of AC > CL > IM > TH. This synergistic EO and BD approach holds promise for the efficient detoxification of NEOs from polluted environments.

Efficient biogenesis of calcium oxide nanoparticles using the extract of Eleusine coracana seeds and their application against multidrug-resistant ocular bacterial pathogens.

Visual impairment due to corneal keratitis-causing bacteria is becoming a matter of health concern. The bacterial colonization and their resistance to multiple drugs need imperative attention. To overcome the issue of alternative remedial therapeutic agents, particularly for topical application, a study was carried out to synthesize calcium oxide nanoparticles (CaO NPs) using the biomaterial Eleusine coracana seed aqueous extract. The biosynthesized calcium oxide nanoparticles (CaO NPs) are non-toxic or less-toxic chemical precursors. Moreover, CaO NPs are eco-friendly and are used for several industrial, biomedical, and environmental applications. Biosynthesized CaO NPs were characterized using ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and dynamic light scattering study. The synthesized CaO NPs exhibit with good anti-inflammatory activities with dose dependant (50-250 µg/mL). Moreover, Eleusine coracana-mediated CaO NPs significantly inhibited the multiple drug-resistant Gram-positive Staphylococci epidermidis and Enterococcus faecalis and Gram-negative Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae that were isolated from the corneal ulcer. This study provides a potential therapeutic option for multiple drug-resistant corneal pathogens that cause vision impairment.

Application of photoelectrochemical oxidation of wastewater used in the cooling tower water and its influence on microbial corrosion.

Background: Cooling towers are specialized heat exchanger devices in which air and water interact closely to cool the water's temperature. However, the cooling water contains organic nutrients that can cause microbial corrosion (MC) on the metal surfaces of the tower. This research explores the combined wastewater treatment approach using electrochemical-oxidation (EO), photo-oxidation (PO), and photoelectrochemical oxidation (PEO) to contain pollutants and prevent MC. Methods: The study employed electro-oxidation, a process involving direct current (DC) power supply, to degrade wastewater. MC studies were conducted using weight loss assessments, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and x-ray diffraction (XRD). Results: After wastewater is subjected to electro-oxidation for 4 h, a notable decrease in pollutants was observed, with degradation efficiencies of 71, 75, and 96%, respectively. In the wastewater treated by PEO, microbial growth is restricted as the chemical oxygen demand decreases. Discussion: A metagenomics study revealed that bacteria present in the cooling tower water consists of 12% of Nitrospira genus and 22% of Fusobacterium genus. Conclusively, PEO serves as an effective method for treating wastewater, inhibiting microbial growth, degrading pollutants, and protecting metal from biocorrosion.

Influence of Polar Solvents on Third-Order Nonlinear Optical Features of Methyl Red Dye.

This study emphasis the solvent effect on third-order nonlinear optical (NLO) features of methyl red (MR) dye dissolved in polar solvents including ethanol, methanol, acetone, 1-propanol, DMF and DMSO using low power diode laser. Z-scan technique operating at 405 nm wavelength, is used to estimate the third-order NLO features of MR dye in various solvents. The dye discloses self-defocusing nonlinear index of refraction (n2), which is determined to be the order of 10-7 cm2/W. The nonlinear coefficient of absorption (ß) of MR dye displays both negative and positive value owing to saturable absorption (SA) and reverse saturable absorption (RSA), respectively. The real and imaginary components of the third-order NLO susceptibility of MR dye in polar solvents are measured to be the order of 10-6 esu and 10-7 esu, respectively. The dye exhibits a large NLO susceptibility in DMSO, which is estimated to be 1.21 × 10-6 esu. The effect of solvent spectral features on MR dye is determined by applying a multi-parameter scale called Kamlet-Abboud-Taft. The experiment results indicate that MR dye is a promising NLO material that may find applications in photonics and optoelectronics.

Nonlinear Optical Refraction and Absorption Features of Methyl Orange Dye in Polar Solvents.

Herein, we report the nonlinear optical (NLO) refraction and absorption features of azo dye namely, methyl orange (MO) dissolved in ethanol, methanol, acetone, 1-propanol, DMF and DMSO. The UV-Visible absorption study reveals that the maximum absorption spectrum of MO dye appeared towards longer wavelength by increasing the solvent polarizability is the result of red shift or bathochromic shift. The Z-scan method is utilized to measure the third-order NLO features of MO dye in different polar solvents. A continuous wave laser with 5-mW power and an excitation wavelength of 405 nm is employed in the Z-scan technique. The NLO features including nonlinear index of refraction (n2), nonlinear coefficient of absorption (ß) and third-order NLO susceptibility (χ3) are calculated to be the order of 10-7 cm2/W, 10-2 cm/W and 10-7 esu, respectively. The NLO index of refraction shows peak-valley transmittance is the result of self-defocusing and NLO absorption coefficient exhibits both positive and negative nonlinearity owing to saturable absorption (SA) and reverse saturable absorption (RSA). The effect of solvent polarizability and dipole moment on third-order NLO susceptibility of MO dye is discussed. Based on the experimental results, an azo dye MO appears to be a promising option for NLO applications in the future.

Development of an environmentally sustainable technique to minimize the sludge production in the textile effluent sector through an electrokinetic (EK) coupled with electrooxidation (EO) approach.

This study presents an environmentally sustainable method for minimizing sludge production in the textile effluent sector through the combined application of electrokinetic (EK) and electrooxidation (EO) processes. AAS and XRF analyses reveal that utilizing acidic electrolytes in the EK method successfully eliminates heavy metals (Cu, Mn, Zn, and Cr) from sludge, demonstrating superior efficiency compared to alkaline conditions. In addition, the total removal efficiency of COD contents was calculated following the order of EK-3 (60%), EK-1 (51%) and EK-2 (34%). Notably, EK-3, leveraging pH gradient fluctuations induced by anolyte in the catholyte reservoir, outperforms other EK systems in removing COD from sludge. The EK process is complemented by the EO process, leading to further degradation of dye and other organic components through the electrochemical generation of hypochlorite (940 ppm). At an alkaline pH of 10.0, the color and COD removal were effectively achieved at 98 and 70% in EO treatment, compared to other mediums. In addition, GC-MS identified N-derivative residues at the end of the EO. This study demonstrates an integrated approach that effectively eliminates heavy metals and COD from textile sludge, combining EK with EO techniques.

Solar-activated and hydrothermally synthesized effective rGO/Ag2S composites for the destruction of naphthol green B dye and antibacterial applications.

Graphene-based nanocomposites are developing as a new class of materials with several uses. The varied weight percentages of rGO on Ag2S catalysts were synthesized using a simple hydrothermal process and employed for the decomposition of anionic dye naphthol green B (NGB) under solar light. The reduced graphene oxide-based silver sulfide (rGO/Ag2S) nanoparticles were then examined using XRD, SEM, EDS, HR-TEM, XPS, UV-DRS, and PL analysis. Using solar light, the photocatalytic activity of the produced catalyst was examined for the degradation of naphthol green B (NGB) in an aqueous solution. At pH 9, rGO/Ag2S is discovered to be more effective than the other catalysts for the NGB dye mineralization. Analyses have been conducted on the influence of operational parameters on the photo-mineralization of NGB, including the initial pH, initial dye concentration, and catalyst dosage. The dye concentration increased; the efficiency of photocatalytic degradation tended to decrease. Chemical oxygen demand (COD) studies have verified the NGB dye mineralization. Active species trapping revealed that holes, hydroxyl radicals, and superoxide radicals all played major roles in the photocatalytic deterioration of NGB processes. Additionally, a potential mechanism of NGB dye degradation by rGO/Ag2S catalyst is presented. The synthesized compound was further evaluated for antibacterial activity, and the results indicated that rGO/Ag2S were potentially effective antibacterial agents.

Synthesis of iron oxide nanoparticles using orange fruit peel extract for efficient remediation of dye pollutant in wastewater.

The removal of color-causing compounds from wastewater is a significant challenge that industries encounter due to their toxic, carcinogenic, and harmful properties. Despite the extensive research and development of various techniques with the objective of effectively degrading color pollutants, the challenge still persists. This paper introduces a simple technique for producing iron oxide nanoparticles (Fe2O3 NPs) using orange fruit peel for sustainable dye degradation in aqueous environment. The observation of color change and the measurement of UV-visible absorbance at 240 nm provided a confirmation for the development of Fe2O3 NPs. Transmission electron microscopy examination demonstrated that the Fe2O3 NPs have an agglomerated distribution and forming spherical structures with size ranging from 25-80 nm. Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy analysis supported the existence of Fe and O. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy conducted to investigate the involvement of orange peel extract in the reduction, capping, and synthesis of Fe2O3 NPs from the precursor salt. Fe2O3 NPs showed a photocatalytic remediation of 97%, for methylene blue under visible light irradiation. Additionally, prepared NPs exhibited concentration depended biofilm inhibition action against E. coli and S. aureus. In conclusion, Fe2O3 NPs can efficiently purify water and suppress pathogens due to their strong degrading activity, reusability, and biofilm inhibition property.

Assessment of antimicrobial, antidiabetic, and anti-inflammatory properties of acetone extract of Aerva lanata (L.) by in-vitro approach and bioactive compounds characterization.

The antimicrobial, antidiabetic, and anti-inflammatory activities efficiency of Aerva lanata plant extracts (aqueous (Aqu-E), acetone (Ace-E), and ethanol (Eth-E)) were investigated in this study. Furthermore, the active molecules exist in the crude extract were characterized by UV-Visible spectrophotometer, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) analyses. The preliminary phytochemical study revealed that the Ace-E restrain more phytochemicals like alkaloids, saponins, anthraquinone, tannins, phenolics, flavonoids, glycosides, terpenoids, amino acid, steroids, protein, coumarin, as well as quinine than Aqu-E and Eth-E. Accordingly to this Ace-E showed considerable antimicrobial activity as the follows: for bacteria S. aureus > E. coli > K. pneumoniae > P. aeruginosa > B. subtilis and for fungi T. viride > A.flavus > C. albicans > A.niger at 30 mg ml concentration. Similarly, Ace-E showed considerable antidiabetic (α-amylase: 71.7 % and α-glucosidase: 70.1 %) and moderate anti-inflammatory (59 % and 49.8 %) activities. The spectral and chromatogram studies confirmed that the Ace-E have pharmaceutically valuable bioactive molecules such as (Nbutyl)-octadecane, propynoic acid, neophytadiene, and 5,14-di (N-butyl)-octadecane. These findings suggest that Ace-E from A. lanata can be used to purify additional bioactive substances and conduct individual compound-based biomedical application research.

Biodegradation of pyrene by bacterial consortia: Impact of natural surfactants and iron oxide nanoparticles.

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are potentially hazardous compounds that could cause a severe impact on many ecosystems. They are very challenging to remove using conventional methods due to their hydrophobic nature. However, this issue can be resolved by utilizing surface-active molecules to increase their bioavailability. In this study, pyrene was chosen as the PAH compound to explore its degradability by the effect of individual bacterial strains (Pseudomonas stutzeri NA3 and Acinetobacter baumannii MN3) and mixed consortia (MC) along with natural surfactant derived from Sapindus mukorossi and iron oxide nanoparticles (NPs). Additionally, fatty acids esters, dipeptides, and sugar derivative groups were identified as potent bioactive components of natural surfactants. Various techniques, such as XRD, VSM, TEM, and FE-SEM with EDX, were utilized to characterize the pristine and Fenton-treated iron oxide NPs. The analytical results confirmed that the Fe3O4 crystal phase and spherical-shaped NPs exhibited excellent magnetic properties. The impact of natural surfactants and iron oxide NPs has significantly contributed to the biodegradation process, resulting in a prominent decrease in chemical oxygen demand (COD) levels. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis showed that biodegradation systems produced primary hydrocarbon intermediates, which underwent oxidative degradation through Fenton treatment. Interestingly, synthesized iron oxide NPs effectively produced hydroxyl radical (•OH) during the Fenton reaction, which was confirmed by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectra, and the pristine iron oxide NPs underwent a material transformation observed. The study demonstrated an integrated approach for biodegradation and the Fenton reaction process to enhance the pyrene degradation efficiency (90%) compared to other systems. Using natural surfactants and iron oxide NPs in aquatic environments serves as a crucial platform at the interface of microorganisms and contaminated oil products. This interaction offers a promising solution for PAHs bioremediation.

Identification and characterization of major bioactive compounds from Andrographis paniculata (Burm. f.) extracts showed multi-biomedical applications.

The Andrographis paniculata recognized as most valuable medicinal plant in folk medicine. Hence, this research was designed to evaluate antibacterial potential of petroleum ether (PE) and methanol (ME) extracts of A. paniculata against skin infection causing bacterial pathogens such as Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Enterobacter aerogenes, Proteus vulgaris, and Propionibacterium acnes. Also assessed the antidiabetic (α-glucosidase and α-amylase inhibition assay), antioxidant, and photoprotective potential of PE and ME extract analyses. The major bioactive compounds were identified and characterized through UV, FTIR, 1H-NMR and 13C-NMR spectra analyses. The ME extract contain more number of phytochemicals (alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, terpenoids, glycoside, protein, and phytosterol) than PE extract. The antibacterial activity result also revealed that the ME (as dose dependent) extract showed better activity at 250 mg mL-1 as in the following order: P. acnes (6-29 mm) > K. pneumoniae (3-28 mm) > S. aureus (3-27 mm) > P. vulgaris (3-26 mm) > S. pyogenes (2-25 mm) > E. aerogenes (1-23 mm). PE: E. aerogenes (3-20 mm) > P. vulgaris (2-19 mm) > P. acnes (3-18 mm) > K. pneumoniae (3-17 mm) > S. aureus (2-16 mm) > S. pyogenes (0-11 mm). The MIC value of ME extract was found as 100-150 mg mL-1 and it was better than PE extract. Similarly, the ME also possesses dose based α-glucosidase inhibition activity as up to 85% at 250 mg mL-1 concentration. The fluorescence spectra analysis method also stated that the ME extract possess photoprotective bioactive agent. The ME fractions (F01 and F02) obtained from TLC and column chromatogram were identified as 3-O-ß-d-glucosyl-14- deoxyandrographiside and 14-deoxyandrographolide respectively through UV, FTIR, 1H-NMR and 13C-NMR spectra analyses. Such compounds may be responsible for significant antibacterial activity against pathogenic bacteria causing skin infections, excellent antidiabetic activity, as well as photoprotective potential.

Integrated approach of nano assisted biodegradation of anthracene by Pseudomonas aeruginosa and iron oxide nanoparticles.

Poly aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are considered as hazardous compounds which causes serious threat to the environment dua to their more carcinogenic and mutagenic impacts. In this study, Pseudomonas aeruginosa PP4 strain and synthesized iron nanoparticles were used to evaluate the biodegradation efficiency (BE %) of residual anthracene. The BE (%) of mixed degradation system (Anthracene + PP4+ FeNPs) was obtained about 67 %. The FTIR spectra result revealed the presence of functional groups (C-H, -CH3, CC, =C-H) in the residual anthracene. The FESEM and TEM techniques were used to determine the surface analysis of the synthesized FeNPs and the average size was observed by TEM around 5-50 nm. The crystalline nature of the synthesized iron nanoparticles was confirmed by the observed different respective peaks of XRD pattern. The various functional constituents (OH, C-H, amide I, CH3) were identified in the synthesized iron nanoparticles by FTIR spectrum. In conclusion, this integrated nano-bioremediation approach could be an promising and effective way for many environmental fields like cleanup of hydrocarbon rich environment.