The reticular zone of the rat adrenal gland 60 days after exposure to a chemical fertilizer.

The author examined the adrenal glands of rats that were kept in a workshop of an NPK fertilizer factory for 30 days and then for 60 days in the laboratory. Histochemical examination of the reticular zone revealed an increase in neutral lipids and triglycerides and a decrease in phospholipids. The nucleic acid content, predominantly RNA, was enhanced. Although the acid phosphatase activity was slightly lowered, both succinate dehydrogenase and monoamine oxidase activities were increased. The results indicate that exposure of rats to NPK fertilizer had a stimulating effect on the reticular zone of their adrenal glands.

Volumetric and histochemical characteristics of the glomerular zone of the rat adrenal gland 90 days after exposure to detergents.

Using the methods of volumetry and histochemistry of the cells, we investigated the morphophysiological characteristics of the glomerular zone of the adrenal gland in rats which, after a 1-month exposure to the effects of detergents in a factory, lived through another 90 days under laboratory conditions. At the same time, control rats lived under normal conditions. The changes found in lipids and nucleic acids were manifested by different reaction of the cells in comparison with the controls. The volumetry of the cell nuclei in the glomerular zone showed statistically significant differences in the correlation of the experimental and the control animals from the aspect of the functional state of this part of the adrenal cortex. This was corroborated by the findings obtained using the methods of histochemistry.

[The zona fasciculata of the adrenal glands 60 days after termination of exposure to chemical fertilizer]. / Snopovna zona nadbubreezne zlezde 60 dana nakon prestanka delovanja hemijskog gnojiva.

We detected fatty substances as well as enzymic activity in rats which, after a stay in workshop, where NPK fertilizer is produced, for 30 days survived another 60 days in normal conditions. The quantity of neutral fats and tryglycerides was reduced while the content of phospholipids was increased concerning the fasciculate's zone cells. After exposure to NPK fertilizer the cells nuclei got enlarged and dense. The activity of acid phosphatases increased, MAO was reduced, while the activity of succinat-dehydrogenesis was increased. The dermined quantities of fatty substances as well as the enzyme activity point to stimulated activity of fasciculate's zone cells.

[Histochemical reaction to NPK fertilizer in the fascicular and reticular zones of the adrenal cortex]. / Histohemijski odgovor snopovne i mrezaste zone kore nadbubrega nakon delovanja NPK-gnojiva.

Male, white rats were kept for 30 days in an NPK fertilizer factory. The animals were then sacrificed and the samples of the fascicular and reticular zone of the adrenal gland were analyzed for fat substances. In the fascicular zone, as affected by NPK, the quantity of neutral lipids and triglycerides was decreased, whereas phospholipids were augmented. At the level of reticular zone the lowest rise in the quantity of neutral lipids was found, whereas the amount of the other two sorts of fat substances was conspicuously elevated. Nucleic acids change their presence in that pironynophilia disappeared; in the cells of both zones, the full discharge of RNA took place. Judging by the results obtained, the cells of both fascicular and reticular zone are in the phase of an intensified secretion.

[Histochemical features of the adrenal glomerulor zone 30 days after exposure to NPK fertilizer]. / Histohemijska svojstva klupcaste zone nadbubrega trideset dana nakon delovanja NPK-dubriva.

Sexually mature, male, Wistar rats lived for 30 days in a workshop of an NPK artificial fertilizer factory and were subjected to the effects of different chemical matters used in the synthesis of the fertilizer. After that time period, the experimental animals were sacrificed on the same day with the control ones, in the morning hours. The histochemical characteristics of the adrenal glomerular zone were studied. The results obtained show an increased content of the following lipid substances in the cells of the glomerular zone of the experimental animals: neutral lipids, triglycerides and phospholipids. The content of nucleic acids was also changed. The quality of fat substances was altered in the experimental rats. The total appearance of the glomerular zone gives the impression of an intensified activity.

[Histoenzymologic features of adrenal medulla ganglionic cells 60 days after exposure to detergents]. / Neka histoenzimska svojstva ganglijskih celija srzi nadbubrega 60 dana nakon prestanka delovanja deterdzenata.

We investigated histochemical reactions in adrenal medulla sympathic ganglionic cells in the animals who after a 30-day stay in a detergent manufactory department survived 60 days in laboratory conditions. The obtained data show a strong isocytrate dehydrogenase activity in the experimental animals; the reaction to the lactate dehydrogenase activity reflects a decrease of the ganglionic cell volume and a slight decrease of the reaction intensity. The activity of isoenzyme F is mildly increased; similarly was found for isoenzyme S. There was a significant decrease of the succinate dehydrogenase activity--all this was detected in the animals exposed to detergents. Sympathic ganglionic cells within the adrenal medulla are rather sensitive to the influence of detergents. The recovery after the exposure to their toxic effects takes more than 2 months.

[Fatty material in the adrenal cortex 2 months after cessation of contamination]. / Masne materije u kori nadbubrega dva meseca nakon prestanka kontaminacije.

The presence of lipid substances in the rat adrenal cortex was analysed two months after ending a one-month exposure to detergents. An increased quantity of neutral lipids was found throughout the adrenal cortex. An augmented triglyceride content was manifested to a higher degree in adrenocorticocytes. The largest quantity of phospholipids was observed in the adrenal cortex. The changes in the quantity and quality of lipid substances were described, which all testified to a stimulated activity of adrenal gland.

Reaction of adrenal glomerular zone to detergents.

The effects have been investigated of chronic exposure to detergents on volumetric and histochemical features of the glomerular zone of adrenal glands in the white rat. Neutral lipids, triglycerides, phospholipids and nucleic acids were analysed. There was an increase in the quantities of all the three fatty substances in the corticocytes of the glomerular zone and the quantity of ribonucleic acid was enhanced, whereas that of deoxyribonucleic acid was reduced. The volumes of the nuclei differed significantly between the experimental and the control animals.

[Fatty material in adrenal cortex cells 1 month after contamination with detergent]. / Masne materije u adrenokortikocitima mesec dana nakon prestanka kontaminacije deterdzentima.

The presence of fatty substances: neutral lipids, triglycerides, and phospholipids was detected in the adrenal cortex 30 days after the termination of detergent influence on white laboratory rats. We found that neutral lipids were of increased quantity in the glomerular, fascicular and reticular zone. Triglycerides were present in a greater extent in the entire cortex of animals which were subjected to the influence of detergents. Phospholipids offer an analogue picture: their quantity was increased in all parts of the adrenal cortex in the experimental animals. The described features of the adrenal cortex after detergent influence termination, considering the three groups of fatty substances, undoubtedly indicate the increased activity of the adrenal cortex.

[Histochemical characteristics of the adrenal glomerular zone 180 days after discontinuing the effects of a detergent]. / Histohemijska svojstva klupcaste zone nadbubrega 180 dana nakon prestanka delovanja deterdzenata.

The substance of this paper is the study of the histochemical characteristics of the glomerular zone 180 days after the termination of detergent influence. The presence of neutral lipids, triglycerides, phospholipids and nucleic acids was analyzed. The decreased quantity of certain fatty substances, as well as the increased quantity of nucleic acids were considered, in the light of our previous studies, as the first signs of glomerular zone cell function normalization in the adrenal cortex.

[Histoenzymatic characteristics of the adrenal medulla 60 days after ending exposure to detergents]. / Histoenzimska svojstva srzi nadbubrega 60 dana nakon prestanka delovanja deterdzenata.

Histochemical and histoenzymatic features of the adrenal medulla were studied 60 days after the end of an exposure to detergents. The findings obtained, point to an increase in the quantity of nucleic acids, and an intensified activity of nonspecific esterases as well as the cytochrome oxidase in rats maintained in a detergent manufacturing plant. The activity of isocitrate dehydrogenase was reduced in the control animals, as well as the activity of lactate dehydrogenase and isoenzyme "S" lactate dehydrogenase. The activity of isoenzyme "F" lactate dehydrogenase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and succinate dehydrogenase is greater in the group which had been exposed to detergent influence. An active engagement of medullocytes is emphasized at this term of the experiment. The agent applied elicits a disturbance in the metabolism of glucose and a number of other substances. The author is of the opinion that an altered and stimulated synthesis and secretion of catecholamines takes place in the adrenal medullocytes under the experimental conditions which were investigated. The neuroendocrine system has been engaged in a series of processes which had been studied.

[Fatty substances in the adrenal cortex after exposure to chemical contaminants]. / Masne materije u kori nadbubrega nakon delovanja hemijskih kontaminanata.

The content of fatty substances was examined: neutral fats, triglycerides and phospholipids, in the adrenal gland cortex after exposing white rats to the influence of detergents in the duration of one month. Neutral fats conduct themselves in the following manner: their quantity is decreased in the cells of zona glomerulosa and is increased in the zona fasciculata and zona reticularis. As far as the presence of triglycerides in the adrenal cortex is concerned, it is typical that they are increased quantity-wise in all three zones of the adrenal gland cortex. Phospholipids in their presence, give the following appearance: this group of fatty substances is of increased content in the cells of zona glomerulosa; a slight increase of these substances is typical for zona fasciculata while their increase is evident in the cells of zona reticularis. All of the described features, regardless of the group of fatty substances, indicate the stimulated activity of the adrenal gland cortex after the application of histochemical methods.

[The effect of alcohol on the intermediate hypophyseal lobe in the early postnatal period]. / Srednji rezanj hipofize u ranom postnatalnom periodu pod uticajem alkohola.

Concerning the well known stimulative effect of ethanol on the secretory activity of the intermediary lobe of the hypophysis in mature animals, the effect of the same agent was analyzed in the young of the alcoholized parents. Immediately after animals were parted from their alcoholized breast feeding mothers the hypophyses of the young old 1, 10, 20 and 30 days were taken for hystological analysis. In the first day of postnatal life the intermediary lobe is completely developed so that it has a glandular tissue covered by marginal epithelium; but structural changes connected with the influence of alcohol were not noticed. In the young old 10 days, the initial hyperplasia of the gland cells in the intermediary lobe was noticed and intermediocytes penetrated deep into the posterior lobe area. Histological findings at the 20th and 30th day of life are similar and manifested through the prominent hyperplasia of the glandular cells and through the hyperfunction certified by a rich content of intermediocytes in the RNA and the intensified activity of succinate-dehydrogenase and NADH diaphorase at the level of the marginal epithelium. The fact that the intermediary lobe cells are not able to react on the alcohol stimulation before the 10th day of life could be explained by the immaturity of the neurotransmitter system.

Pars nervosa hypophyseos in chronic audiovibratory stress.

In the nervous part of the hypophysis, significant decrease in the quantity of neurosecretion, hypertrophy, and frequent findings of mitosis of adenopituicytes occur under the influence of noise and vibrations. In chronic audiovibratory stress, the phenomenon of hyperplasia of adenopituicytes and intracytoplasmic presence of structural elements of neurosecretory fibres in disintegration are noticeable. Heterogeneity of neurosecretory fibres is characteristically manifested in the presence of dilated Herring bodies with preserved structure, occurrence of nerve swellings very variable in structure, with numerous polymorphous inclusions and autolytic bodies, or with large vacuoles, few secretory granules and few mitochondria. There are some endings of neurosecretory fibres with many clear microvesicles and few granules, as well as the endings abounding only in clear microvesicles, particularly in pericapillary spaces. The results obtained point to strong stress-inducing effects of noise and vibrations upon the nervous part of the hypophysis.

Histoenzymology of the pineal gland: an optical and electron microscope study.

The activity of some dehydrogenases is investigated in the rat's pineal gland of normal or sympathectomized animals with optical and electron microscopy. Comparison is made between the concordances and, particularly, the differences observed with the two methods.

[Histochemical study of the adrenal cortex of the rat after epiphysectomy]. / Etude histochimique de la cortico-surrénale du rat après épiphysectomie

The authors investigate the effects of pinealectomy on male rat's adrenal cortex. Fat material accumulates in the fascicular and reticular zones; different enzyme activities show light variations in operated animals. The frequent presence of mitochondrial multilamellar structures in pinealectomized rats is discussed.