Increasing self-care of patients with type-2 diabetes through implementation of nursing agency based on the health promotion model.

Objectives: To analyse the effect of nursing agency model on fasting and 2-hour postprandial glucose levels in type 2 diabetics. Method: The quasi-experimental study was conducted from October to December 2021 in Lamongan, East Java, Indonesia, after approval from the ethics review committee of the University of Muhammadiyah, Lamongan, Indonesia. The sample comprised of type 2 diabetics of either gender aged 19-65 years who were able to move independently. The sample was divided into experimental group A, which was given nursing agency model training for six weeks, and control group B, which was only given diabetes treatment without any training. Patient self-care level was assessed using the Summary of Diabetes Self-Care Activities tool, while other variables were measured through fasting and 2-hour postprandial glucose levels. Data were analysed using a one-way covariance analysis test. RESULTS: Of the 256 individuals assessed, 42(16.4%) met the inclusion criteria, and, of them, 30(71.4%) comprised the final sample; 10(33.3%) males and 20(66.6%) females. Overall, 19(63.3%) patients were aged >50 years, and duration of diabetes was 5-10 years in 23(76.7%) cases. There were 15(50%) patients in each of the two groups. There was significant difference in the mean scores of all dimensions of self-care behaviour between the groups, and it increased significantly in group A post-intervention (p=0.05). There was a significant decrease in fasting and 2-hour postprandial glucose levels in group A compared to group B post-intervention (p=0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The application of the nursing agency model was found to be effective in increasing self-care ability and in reducing fasting and 2-hour postprandial blood glucose levels.

Application of the Health Belief Model on the intention to stop smoking behavior among young adult women.

Background: The smoking behavior among young adult women causes health issues and has effects on ethical norms, especially femininity and gender. A woman smoker usually has an intention to quit and several factors have been perceived to be related to this action according to the Health Belief Model (HBM). Design and Methods: This study was conducted cross-sectionally to analyze the correlation between young adult women's intention to stop smoking with perceived factors in the construction of HBM. A sample of 58 young adult women smokers and aged between 15-30 years were selected through the use of a purposive sampling technique in 2018. Results: The results showed the intention to stop smoking has a significant correlation with perceived susceptibility (P=0.036), perceived severity (P=0.028), perceived benefits (P=0.011), perceived barriers (P=0.003), and perceived self-efficacy (P=0.005). This means there was a significant correlation between the intention of young adult smokers to quit smoking and the perceived factors of HBM. Conclusions: The intention of stop smoking behavior among women smokers has a significant correlation with the perceived factors of the Health Belief Model construct, which includes perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, perceived benefits, perceived barriers, and perceived self-efficacy.

Narrative stories of high risk sexual behaviors among adolescents in Makassar City.

Background: Dating behavior by some Indonesian adolescents is against the social norms of the society, showing moral gaps and psychosocial unconventionality. Several challenges emanate from this issue, including risk behavior-sexual intercourse. This research aims to describe the adolescents' risk behavior-sexual intercourse in Makassar City. Design and Methods: The study uses a narrative qualitative approach with a criterion sampling technique. Three adolescents who participated in this research: two males and one female, between 17 and 19 years of age. The data are obtained through an in-depth interview based on the guideline from to Adolescent Health and Development Questionnaire by Jessor. Results: The result shows that risk behavior such as premature sexual intercourse is caused by high risk factors, including behavior, opportunity, models, and vulnerability risks. The moderator effect of protection form protective factors, such as behavior, controls, models protection and supports protections toward risk factors, play less significant roles in minimizing the possibility of indulging in risk behavior in sexual intercourse and in dating. Conclusions: The risk of sexual intercourse starts from dating, which leads to sexual intercourse. Additionally, this issue is also attributed to the risk and protective factors, affecting preparation for adulthood, personal development, and health.

Family support and adaptation mechanisms of adults outpatients with schizophrenia.

Background: The presence of psychotic symptoms in adults' with schizophrenia need an increase in family control and support to prevent the risk of aggressive behavior. However, the issue of whether psychotic symptoms hold any clinical relevance in relatively stable outpatient samples has not been established. The purpose of this study, therefore, was to identify the relationship between family supports and adaptation mechanisms of adults' outpatients with schizophrenia. Design and methods: The study design involves quantitative research and descriptive correlation, attained through purposive sampling approach. 101 samples were obtained from the population of schizophrenia outpatients. The questionnaires of House & Kahn were used as an instrument to evaluate family support, while Nursalam questionnaires were used to access adaptation skills. Results: Findings from Spearman's rho test showed P<0.005, indicating the provision of high family support, while patients were highly adaptive to the symptoms of schizophrenia. Conclusions: This study indicates the positive influence of family support on the adaptability of schizophrenia outpatients, hence there is need for relatives to provide good level of support, in order to facilitate adaptability.