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Background: Mature inflammasome markers play a role in the development of Type 1 diabetes (T1D). This cross-sectional study aimed to derive ratios from the serum levels of interleukins (ILs): IL-1ß and IL-18 and to relate their values with glycemic index and anti-inflammatory markers (IL-4 and IL-10) in children with T1D. Materials and Methods: This study was conducted at Hawler Medical University in Erbil-Iraq from April to July 2018. Healthy subjects (Group I, n = 40) and patients (Group II, n = 76) were recruited from primary schools and the Center of Diabetes in Erbil, respectively. Glycemic indices (including fasting serum glucose, insulin, glycosylated hemoglobin, and peptide C) and pro- and anti-inflammatory markers (including high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, IL-1ß, IL-18, IL-4, and IL-10 and the ratio of neutrophil or platelet to lymphocyte) were determined. Results: Cutoff values of 105 pg/mL, 85 pg/mL, and 1.235 for serum IL-1ß, IL-18, and IL-1ß to IL-18 ratio, respectively, were found to be significant discriminators of glycemic index and anti-inflammatory markers with respect to the calculated area under the curve. Conclusion: A ratio of IL-1ß to IL-18 adjusted to 1.235 can serve as a useful marker of assessment of glycemic index. This ratio does not discriminate the status of anti-inflammatory markers (IL-4 and IL-10) in children with T1D.
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BACKGROUND: Determination of the hematological indices is a useful prognostic laboratory investigation in the cancer research. The neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (LNR), red cell distribution width (RDW) and the platelet distribution width (PDW) are useful markers for the prediction and the prognosis of breast cancer. The aims of this study were to assess the hematological indices in breast cancer women survivals and to show if there were significant differences in these indices between pre- and postmenopausal women. METHODS: This observational study was carried out in the Nanakali Hospital in Erbil, Kurdistan region, Iraq. A total number of 120 women with breast cancer under different modalities of management were enrolled in this study. The patients were grouped into premenopausal (group I, n = 30) and postmenopausal (group II, n = 90) women and the hematological indices of all patients were determined. RESULTS: Significant low hemoglobin levels and red cell counts were observed among group II compared with group I patients. Group II women had significant high values of RDW and mean platelet volume (MPV) (16.68 ± 2.51 and 9.980 ± 1.271) compared with group I (15.12 ± 2.27 and 9.535 ± 1.082). There were insignificant differences between group I and group II regarding the values of the PWD, plateletcrit (PCT), NLR and platelet to lymphocyte ratio (PLR). CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that the low hemoglobin levels, and the high RDW and PDW are significantly existing in postmenopausal compared with premenopausal survival women, indicating that there are specific hematological indices associated with the postmenopausal survival of the breast cancer.
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OBJECTIVES: There is an association between viral infection and development of diabetes mellitus. This study aimed to investigate the role of rubella virus, cytomegalovirus and coxsackievirus in patients with type 1 (T1D) and type 2 (T2D) diabetes mellitus in respect to the glycemic control and immune response presented by serum γ-interferon leveland antiviral antibodies. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total number of 160 (70 male and 90 female) T1D and 75 T2D (25 male and 50 female) patients allocated randomly from Martyr Layla Qasm center for diabetes mellitus in Erbil, Iraq, were enrolled in the study. Serum IgG antibody (I.U./mL) against rubella virus, cytomegalovirus coxsackievirus as well as serum interferon-g were determined. RESULTS: Type-1 diabetic patients with positive anti-coxsakievirus antibody presented with significantly shorter duration of illness (4.822 ± 2.442 year) and poorer glycemic control (HbA1c %: 9.895 ± 1.272) This observation was not noticed with other viral infection as well as in T2D. Significant alterations in serum interferon-g (8.051 ± 13.371 pg/ml) were observed in T1D and related to coxasackievirus infection (13 patients had a level higher than 10.975 pg/ml; the upper limit of 95% C.I of control, and 34 had a level less than 4.457 pg/ml; the lower limit of 95% C.I of control). CONCLUSIONS: Subjects with type 1 diabetes and Coxsackie infections seem to have a different immunological and clinical profile. This needs further study.
