Sugar Clock: A Primordial Approach to Prevent Dental Caries.

AIM AND BACKGROUND: "Prevention is better than cure"; this statement is equally important when it concerns dental caries. Diet is directly linked to causing dental caries. Hence, it becomes of utmost importance that the amount, frequency, and time of sugar intake shall be known so that we can prevent dental caries. HOW TO CITE THIS ARTICLE: Dhingra S, Gupta A, Tandon S, et al. Sugar Clock: A Primordial Approach to Prevent Dental Caries. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2020;13(2):174-175.

lnvasive cystic hypersecretory carcinoma of the breast associated with papillary pattern: a rare and poorly recognised variant of ductal carcinoma of the breast.

Cystic hypersecretory pattern is a rare and poorly recognised variant of invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast. Cystic hypersecretory lesions of the breast have a spectrum of morphological features ranging from clearly benign cystic hypersecretory hyperplasia (CHH), CHH with atypia, cystic hypersecretory carcinoma (CHC) to invasive CHC. Until now, no case of invasive CHC has been reported in India, to the best of our knowledge. We report a case of a 57-year-old female with a history of a lump in the inferomedial quadrant of the right breast for three years, gradually increasing in size. A mammography showed a well-defined, lobulated radio-opacity. A modified radical mastectomy was done. Gross examination showed multiple cystic spaces filled with thick gelatinous material and solid areas. On histopathology, cystic hypersecretory variant of invasive ductal breast carcinoma with focal papillary pattern was diagnosed. Cystic hypersecretory ductal carcinoma behaves in a low-grade fashion for many years but has a potential for invasiveness and metastasis, so regular follow-up of such cases is crucial.

Exposure to high-fluoride drinking water and risk of dental caries and dental fluorosis in Haryana, India.

The present study aimed to determine the prevalence of and relationship between dental caries and dental fluorosis at varying levels of fluoride in drinking water. The study was conducted among 3007 school children in the age group of 12 to 16 years in 2 districts of Haryana having varying fluoride levels in drinking water. Type III examination for dental caries according to the WHO index and dental fluorosis estimation according to Dean's index was done. The prevalence of dental caries decreased from 48.02% to 28.07% as fluoride levels increased from 0.5 to 1.13 ppm, but as the fluoride level increased further to 1.51 ppm, there was no further reduction in caries prevalence, but there was a substantial increase in fluorosis prevalence. The optimum level of fluoride in drinking water was found to be 1.13 ppm, at which there was maximum caries reduction with minimum amount of esthetically objectionable fluorosis.

Relationship of dental caries at different concentrations of fluoride in endemic areas: an epidemiological study.

OBJECTIVE: Fluoride has been an effective tool to prevent dental caries but efforts have been on to establish optimal level of fluoride in drinking water in different communities. The present study seeks to establish the safe and acceptable concentration of fluoride in drinking water which would lead to maximum caries protection with least amount of clinically observable dental fluorosis. STUDY DESIGN: 30 villages from 2 districts of Haryana were classified according to differing levels of fluoride in the drinking water. 3007 school children (1558 males & 1449 female)] were examined and the DMFT score was related to the level of fluoride in drinking water. RESULTS: The caries prevalence was maximum (48.02%) in the area having 0.50 ppm fluoride in drinking water The children from area having the 1.13 ppm fluoride level had the least caries prevalence i.e. 28.07%. CONCLUSION: The results of the present study did not suggest any additional anticaries benefit beyond 1.13 ppm fluoride level. The present investigation showed that the optimalfluoride levels for drinking water for our conditions were near 1.13ppm (1-1.2 ppm) as there was maximum caries protection with least amount of esthetically objectionable fluorosis at that level.