Characterization of Microstructural Evolution in Heat-Affected Zone of Cu-Bearing Ultra-High-Strength Steel with Lamellar Microstructure.

The advanced lamellar microstructure significantly improves the toughness of Cu-bearing ultra-high strength steel by delamination toughening (yield strength: 1370 MPa, impact toughness at -40 °C: 60 J). The lamellar microstructure affects the microstructure evolution of heat-affected zone (HAZ), resulting in separate distributions of lath martensite and granular bainite in the complete austenitizing zone and the formation of cluster fresh martensite in the partial austenitizing zone. The grain refinement and decrease in dislocation density are predominant features, especially for the complete austenitizing zone, where the grain is refined to 4.33 µm, and dislocation density is decreased by 27%. With the degree of austenitizing increase, the dissolution of Cu-rich precipitates (CRPs) aggravates during welding. A small fraction of CRPs in the complete austenitizing zone implies the onset of reprecipitation of CRPs. The reason for softening in HAZ is attributed to a combined effect of granular bainite forming, dislocation density decreasing, and CRPs dissolving. After PWTH, large numbered reprecipitation of coherent CRPs occurs, contributing to the hardness recovery of HAZ. Meanwhile, due to the high density of dislocation of lamellar microstructure inherited by partial austenitizing zone, coarsening of coherent CRPs is easy to occur, and various incoherent structures are observed.

Comparison of Fracture Toughness in the Coarse-Grain Heat-Affected Zone of X80 Pipelines Girth-Welded under Conventional and Ultra-Low Heat Input.

The coarse-grain heat-affected zones (CGHAZs) of X80 girth-welded steel pipelines are prone to embrittlement, which has an extremely adverse effect on their structural integrity. In the present work, the fracture behavior of the CGHAZs of X80 girth welds under the conditions of conventional and ultra-low heat input was studied. The fracture toughness of CGHAZs was evaluated using the crack tip opening displacement (CTOD) test at -10 °C, and the fracture behavior mechanism of CGHAZs were clarified by analyzing microstructural characteristics at prefabricated fatigue cracks containing fracture cloud image, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and electron back-scatter diffraction (EBSD) figures. The results illustrate that the average fracture toughness (CTOD) value of the ultra-low heat input CGHAZ is 0.6 mm, and the dispersion of CTOD values is small, while the CTOD value of conventional heat input is only 0.04 mm. The ultra-low heat input makes the high-temperature residence time of the coarse-grained region short, reduces the proportion of prior austenite grain boundaries, and inhibits the formation of strip-like bainite and island-like M-A components. The reduction of these deleterious ductile microstructures increases the plastic reserve and deformation capacity of the CGHAZ.