RESUMO
Sternal dehiscence and sternal wire fractures are of significant concern for patients post cardiac surgery. Right ventricular laceration resulting from injury secondary to fractured sternal wires is a rare cause of life-threatening postoperative hemorrhage. A 68-year-old male presented for coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). Postoperatively, he experienced an exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) which initially responded to medical treatment. While mobilizing, the patient experienced acute hemodynamic decompensation. Chest X-ray revealed a new left pleural effusion and a bedside echocardiogram revealed significant pericardial effusion. The patient was taken urgently for re-exploration with a diagnosis of cardiac tamponade. All sternal wires were found to be fractured and a right ventricular laceration was identified. The laceration was repaired primarily with sutures and the sternum was closed with reinforced sternal wires. The patient recovered well postoperatively and was discharged without further complication. Postoperative hemorrhage is a known complication of cardiac surgery but is rarely caused by laceration secondary to sternal wire fracture. Alternative sternal closure techniques should be considered in high-risk groups of patients. A high index of suspicion should be maintained for patients with sternal dehiscence. Furthermore, these patients should be monitored closely and definitive management implemented immediately when sternal wire fracture and resulting injury are suspected.
RESUMO
BACKGROUND: Perioperative blood loss is a major contributor to morbidity and mortality in cardiac surgery. Plasma fibrinogen levels play an essential role in hemostasis and deplete quickly during hemorrhage. The objective of this study was to determine whether prophylactic fibrinogen concentrate administration lowers overall blood product transfusion requirements in high-risk cardiac surgery in patients with low fibrinogen plasma levels. METHODS: The study was performed in a prospective, randomized, and double-blinded design. The investigation included 62 patients undergoing elective, high-risk cardiac surgery. After weaning from cardiopulmonary bypass and reversal of heparin patients received either fibrinogen concentrate or placebo. The primary outcome variable was overall blood product usage 24 hours after intervention. RESULTS: The fibrinogen group received numerically fewer total units of blood products than the placebo group, but the difference was not statistically or clinically significant (for groups n = 27; n = 29 and 19 vs 37 units, respectively, P = .908). The overall transfusion rate in both groups was significantly lower than the institutional average suggested (fibrinogen group 26%, placebo group 28%). The fibrinogen group showed significantly higher fibrinogen levels (2.38 vs 1.83 g/L (end of surgery), P < .001; 3.33 vs 2.68 g/L (12 hours after intervention), P = .003) and improved viscoelastic coagulation parameters (FIBTEM MCF, 27 vs 23 mm, P = .022). CONCLUSION: This randomized, controlled trial demonstrates that point-of-care guided and prophylactic treatment with fibrinogen concentrate does not reduce transfusion of blood products in a setting of unexpectedly low transfusion rate as tested in this cohort, but may improve coagulation parameters in the setting of high-risk cardiac surgery.
