Alternative laser system for cesium magneto-optical trap via optical injection locking to sideband of a 9-GHz current-modulated diode laser.

By optical injection of an 852-nm extended-cavity diode laser (master laser) to lock the + 1-order sideband of a ~9-GHz-current-modulated diode laser (slave laser), we generate a pair of phase-locked lasers with a frequency difference up to ~9-GHz for a cesium (Cs) magneto-optical trap (MOT) with convenient tuning capability. For a cesium MOT, the master laser acts as repumping laser, locked to the Cs 6S1/2 (F = 3) - 6P3/2 (F' = 4) transition. When the + 1-order sideband of the 8.9536-GHz-current-modulated slave laser is optically injection-locked, the carrier operates on the Cs 6S1/2 (F = 4) - 6P3/2 (F' = 5) cooling cycle transition with -12 MHz detuning and acts as cooling/trapping laser. When carrying a 9.1926-GHz modulation signal, this phase-locked laser system can be applied in the fields of coherent population trapping and coherent manipulation of Cs atomic ground states.

[Determination of levamisole residue in animal livers by two liquid-liquid extraction steps-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry].

A novel method wasdeveloped for the determination oflevamisole in animal livers by liquid-liquid extraction and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Levamisole hydrochloride was transferred to levamisole in alkalinesolution, andthen extracted intoethyl acetate. Two liquid-liquid extraction steps were carried out with HCI aqueous solution and potassium hydroxide-dichloromethane system in turn, and the liposoluble substances and the water-soluble substances were removed, respectively. The qualitative and quantitative analyses of levamisole were achieved by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) system. The characteristic fragments m/z 148, 176 and 204 were selected and m/z 204 was used as the quantitative ion. A good linear relationship was obtained between the peak area and the mass concentration of levamisole from 0.25 mg/L to 3.0 mg/L with the correlation coefficient of 0.999. The limit of quantitation (LOQ) for levamisole was 5 microg/kg, which was much lower than the international maximum residue limit. The average recoveries of levamisole spiked in chicken liver, duck liver, rabbit liver and pig liver samples at three spiked levels ranged from 76% to 106% with the relative standard deviations less than 9%. The method is simple and stable without tedious sample preparation, and suitable for the determination of levamisole in animal livers.