Ocorrência de Campylobacter e Enterobacteriaceae em aves silvestres e frangos de corte / Campylobacter and Enterobacteriaceae in wild birds and poultry

As aves silvestres podem ser reservatório de bactérias patogênicas e atuar como veiculadoras desses microrganismos para o ambiente, os animais domésticos e o homem. Portanto, o objetivo deste trabalho foi verificar a ocorrência de Campylobacter spp., Yersinia enterocolitica e Salmonella enterica em aves silvestres capturadas nas áreas próximas de aviários e em frangos de corte alojados nesses estabelecimentos, além de verificar a presença dos genes cdtA, cdtB e cdtC nos isolados de Campylobacter e identificar os sorotipos de Salmonella encontrados. Amostras de fezes de 189 aves silvestres capturadas com redes de neblina nas áreas próximas de 10 aviários e de 200 frangos de corte foram processadas para pesquisa de Campylobacter spp., S. enterica e Y. enterocolitica. Duas espécies de aves silvestres, Sicalis flaveola (canário-da-terra) e Zonotrichia capensis (tico-tico), foram positivas para Salmonella e Campylobacter, respectivamente. Foram isolados Campylobacter spp., S. enterica e Y. enterocolitica de frangos. Todos os isolados de Campylobacter analisados apresentaram os genes cdt. Em dois aviários, Campylobacter foi isolado tanto de frangos como de aves silvestres, entretanto a contaminação mútua entre essas aves não foi comprovada. Este foi o primeiro relato de isolamento de Campylobacter de Z. capensis e de Salmonella do sorotipo Derby de S. flaveola.(AU)

Wild birds can be reservoirs of pathogenic bacteria and act as carriers of these microorganisms to the environment, domestic animals, and humans. Therefore, this study had as objective to verify the occurrence of Campylobacter spp., Yersinia enterocolitica and Salmonella enterica in wild birds captured in the surroundings of the aviaries and in the broilers housed in these establishments. The presence of the cdtA, cdtB and cdtC genes in Campylobacter isolates was also investigated and Salmonella serotypes were identified. Stool samples from 189 wild birds captured with mist nets in around 10 aviaries and from 200 broilers were processed for Campylobacter spp., S. enterica and Y. enterocolitica research. Two species of wild birds, Sicalis flaveola (Saffron Finch) and Zonotrichia capensis (Rufous-collared Sparrow) were positive for Salmonella and Campylobacter, respectively. Campylobacter spp., S. enterica and Y. enterocolitica were isolated from broilers. The cdt genes were found in all Campylobacter isolates. In two aviaries, Campylobacter was isolated from both broilers and wild birds, however the mutual contamination among these birds has not been shown. This was the first report of Campylobacter isolation from Z. capensis and of Derby Salmonella serotype isolation from S. flaveola.(AU)

Ocorrência de Campylobacter e Enterobacteriaceae em aves silvestres e frangos de corte / Campylobacter and Enterobacteriaceae in wild birds and poultry

As aves silvestres podem ser reservatório de bactérias patogênicas e atuar como veiculadoras desses microrganismos para o ambiente, os animais domésticos e o homem. Portanto, o objetivo deste trabalho foi verificar a ocorrência de Campylobacter spp., Yersinia enterocolitica e Salmonella enterica em aves silvestres capturadas nas áreas próximas de aviários e em frangos de corte alojados nesses estabelecimentos, além de verificar a presença dos genes cdtA, cdtB e cdtC nos isolados de Campylobacter e identificar os sorotipos de Salmonella encontrados. Amostras de fezes de 189 aves silvestres capturadas com redes de neblina nas áreas próximas de 10 aviários e de 200 frangos de corte foram processadas para pesquisa de Campylobacter spp., S. enterica e Y. enterocolitica. Duas espécies de aves silvestres, Sicalis flaveola (canário-da-terra) e Zonotrichia capensis (tico-tico), foram positivas para Salmonella e Campylobacter, respectivamente. Foram isolados Campylobacter spp., S. enterica e Y. enterocolitica de frangos. Todos os isolados de Campylobacter analisados apresentaram os genes cdt. Em dois aviários, Campylobacter foi isolado tanto de frangos como de aves silvestres, entretanto a contaminação mútua entre essas aves não foi comprovada. Este foi o primeiro relato de isolamento de Campylobacter de Z. capensis e de Salmonella do sorotipo Derby de S. flaveola.(AU)

Wild birds can be reservoirs of pathogenic bacteria and act as carriers of these microorganisms to the environment, domestic animals, and humans. Therefore, this study had as objective to verify the occurrence of Campylobacter spp., Yersinia enterocolitica and Salmonella enterica in wild birds captured in the surroundings of the aviaries and in the broilers housed in these establishments. The presence of the cdtA, cdtB and cdtC genes in Campylobacter isolates was also investigated and Salmonella serotypes were identified. Stool samples from 189 wild birds captured with mist nets in around 10 aviaries and from 200 broilers were processed for Campylobacter spp., S. enterica and Y. enterocolitica research. Two species of wild birds, Sicalis flaveola (Saffron Finch) and Zonotrichia capensis (Rufous-collared Sparrow) were positive for Salmonella and Campylobacter, respectively. Campylobacter spp., S. enterica and Y. enterocolitica were isolated from broilers. The cdt genes were found in all Campylobacter isolates. In two aviaries, Campylobacter was isolated from both broilers and wild birds, however the mutual contamination among these birds has not been shown. This was the first report of Campylobacter isolation from Z. capensis and of Derby Salmonella serotype isolation from S. flaveola.(AU)

Induction of resistance by silicon in wheat plants to alate and apterous morphs of Sitobion avenae (Hemiptera: Aphididae).

Despite the knowledge about the effects of silicon augmenting antibiosis and nonpreference of plants by apterous aphids, few studies exist on such effects with alate aphids. This study evaluated the effects of silicon fertilization on the biology of alate and apterous morphs of Sitobion avenae (F.) (Hemiptera: Aphididae), and the effect on nonpreference by S. avenae alates for wheat plants with or without silicon fertilization. A method for rearing aphids on detached leaves was evaluated comparing the biology of apterous aphids reared on wheat leaf sections and on whole plants with and without silicon fertilization. Because the use of detached leaves was a reliable method, the effect of silicon fertilization on the biology of apterous and alate S. avenae was assessed using wheat leaf sections. Biological data of aphids were used to calculate a fertility life table. Finally, the effect of silicon fertilization on the nonpreference of alate aphids was carried out for both vegetative and reproductive phases of wheat. Thirty alate aphids were released in the center of a cage, and the number of aphids per whole plant with or without silicon fertilization was observed. Silicon fertilization induced antibiosis resistance in wheat plants to apterous morphs as shown by reduced fecundity, reproductive period, longevity, intrinsic rate of increase, and net reproductive rate; however, alates were unaffected. Plants that received silicon fertilization had fewer alate aphids in both the vegetative and reproductive phases. Thus, silicon fertilization can reduce colonization by alates, enhancing nonpreference resistance, and population growth of apterous S. avenae in wheat plants.

Antibiosis and non-preference of Sitobion avenae (F.) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) on leaves and ears of commercial cultivars of wheat (Triticum aestivum).

Little is known on the resistance of wheat cultivars to Sitobion avenae (F.) in Brazil. The goal of this work was to assess the behavior and biology of S. avenae on four commercial wheat cultivars to verify the existence of resistance by antibiosis in leaves and ears and non-preference in the ears. The smallest net fecundity rates of S. avenae in wheat leaves have been found in the cultivars Embrapa 22 and BRS264, which did not differ between themselves. The intrinsic rate of increase of S. avenae was smaller in leaves of Embrapa 22 than in cultivars BRS254 and BRS Timbaúva. The smallest net fecundity rates of S. avenae in wheat ears were observed in the cultivars BRS254 and Embrapa 22. The intrinsic rate of increase of the aphid in the ear of cultivar Embrapa 22 was smaller than in BRS Timbaúva and BRS264, but did not differ from BRS254. The organ of the wheat plant in which the aphid was reared influences antibiosis resistance, but the cultivar BRS Timbaúva was considered susceptible and Embrapa 22 resistant to S. avenae in both plant organs tested. Ears of wheat cultivars tested did not show differences in the mechanism of resistance by non-preference to S. avenae.

Mastite subclínica por Staphylococcus coagulase negativa em ovinos de corte / Subclinical mastitis caused by Staphylococcus coagulase negative in meet-producing sheep

Microorganisms that cause mastitis were isolated in a herd of sheep and their sensitivity to antimicrobials was tested. Twenty-one sheep had their mammary glands monitored during lactation. Eighty-eight milk sample from CMT-positive sheep were analyzed in order to isolate the etiologic agent of mastitis. Coagulase negative Staphylococcus were isolated from 29.5% of samples. Ampicillin and penicillin were the antimicrobials with higher number of resistant strains. The importance of coagulase negative staphylococci has been demonstrated, especially S. lentus and S. sciuri as a cause of ovine mastitis.

Mastite subclínica por Staphylococcus coagulase negativa em ovinos de corte

Microorganisms that cause mastitis were isolated in a herd of sheep and their sensitivity to antimicrobials was tested. Twenty-one sheep had their mammary glands monitored during lactation. Eighty-eight milk sample from CMT-positive sheep were analyzed in order to isolate the etiologic agent of mastitis. Coagulase negative Staphylococcus were isolated from 29.5% of samples. Ampicillin and penicillin were the antimicrobials with higher number of resistant strains. The importance of coagulase negative staphylococci has been demonstrated, especially S. lentus and S. sciuri as a cause of ovine mastitis.

Qualidade higiênico-sanitária de carne bovina moída e de embutidos frescais comercializados no sul do rio grande do sul, brasil

ABSTRACT Meat is an excellent medium for the growth of microorganisms and it can be responsible for the transmission of pathogenic bacteria to human. The aim of this work was to analyze the sanitary-hygienic quality of ground beef and fresh sausages commercialized in southern Brazil and to evaluate the resistance profile of Salmonella isolates to antimicrobial agents. The methods used in the thermotolerant coliforms counting and in the Salmonella isolation were according to Instrução Normativa nº 62/2003 from Brazils Ministério da Agricultura, Pecuária e Abastecimento. The Salmonella isolates were tested in regard to susceptibility to ampicilin (10 mcg), norfloxacin (10 mcg), tetracycline (30 mcg), nalidixic acid (30 mcg) and chloramphenicol (30 mcg) antimicrobials. From 67 samples analized, 12 were not within the limits established by the current legislation to thermotolerant coliforms and Salmonella. Salmonella Typhimurium was isolated from 1 (4.2%) sample of ground beef. Salmonella serotypes Typhimurium and Infantis were isolated from 2 (9.5%) samples of pork meat sausages, and serotypes Typhimurium, Infantis, Derby from 3 (13.6%) samples of poultry sausages. The 6 (100%) isolates were sensitive to norfloxacina and ampicilina. Three (50%) isolates were sensitive to tetracycline, 3 (50%) to chloramphenicol and 2 (33.3%) to nalidixic acid. The results highlight the importance of meat products from swine, cattle and chicken as sources of Salmonella contamination.

RESUMO A carne constitui excelente meio para a multiplicação de microrganismos, podendo ser responsável pela transmissão de doenças para o homem através de bactérias patogênicas. O trabalho teve por objetivo analisar a qualidade higiênico-sanitária da carne bovina moída e de embutidos frescais comercializados no sul do Brasil e avaliar o perfil de resistência dos isolados de Salmonella a agentes antimicrobianos. Os métodos utilizados na contagem de coliformes termotolerantes e no isolamento de Salmonella foram realizados de acordo com a Instrução Normativa nº 62/2003 do Ministério da Agricultura, Pecuária e Abastecimento. Os isolados de Salmonella foram testados quanto à sensibilidade aos antimicrobianos ampicilina (10 mcg), norfloxacina (10 mcg), tetraciclina (30 mcg), ácido nalidíxico (30 mcg) e cloranfenicol (30 mcg). De 67 amostras analisadas, doze não atenderam aos limites estabelecidos pela legislação vigente para coliformes termotolerantes e Salmonella. Salmonella Typhimurium foi isolada de uma (4,2%) amostra de carne moída. Salmonella sorotipos Typhimurium e Infantis foram isoladas de duas (9,5%) amostras de lingüiça suína e sorotipos Typhimurium, Infantis e Derby de três (13,6%) amostras de lingüiça de frango. Os seis (100%) isolados foram sensíveis à norfloxacina e à ampicilina. Três (50%) isolados foram sensíveis à tetraciclina, três (50%) ao cloranfenicol e dois (33,3%) ao ácido nalidíxico. Os resultados obtidos ressaltam a importância dos produtos cárneos de origem suína, bovina e avícola como fonte de contaminação por Salmonella.