Fatores de risco para a saúde mental infanto-juvenil: conhecimentos dos agentes educativos / Factores de riesgo para la salud mental infanto-juvenil: conocimientos de los agentes educativos / Risk factors for mental health in children and young people: knowledge of education agents

Resumo Objetivo Avaliar o nível de conhecimentos dos agentes educativos sobre os fatores de risco para a saúde mental de crianças e adolescentes e analisar a sua associação com variáveis sociodemográficas. Métodos Estudo quantitativo, com recurso a uma amostra não probabilística de 136 agentes educativos (62,5% professores, 32,4% enfermeiros e 5,1% polícias), na sua maioria mulheres (70,6%) e média de idades de 48,34 anos. A colheita de dados, com recurso a um questionário de auto-preenchimento, realizou-se no ano lectivo de 2018 em quatro escolas do concelho de Viseu - Região centro de Portugal. Testes estatísticos utilizados: Qui-Quadrado e Análise de Regressão Múltipla. Resultados Na generalidade os agentes educativos revelaram possuir conhecimentos sobre os fatores de risco para a saúde mental, destacando-se 39,71% que chegam mesmo a evidenciar excelentes conhecimentos. Em termos comparativos, os enfermeiros são os que evidenciam melhores níveis de conhecimentos ( x̄ =15,546), seguindo-se os professores ( x̄ =13,318) e, por fim, os polícias ( x̄ =8,571), diferenças estas significativas (x2=14,725; p= 0,004). O estudo multivariado inferiu ser o género a única variável a se revelar preditora do nível de conhecimentos, explicando 11,5% da sua variabilidade (p=0,002), evidenciando as mulheres maior nível de conhecimentos. Já o efeito preditivo da variável categoria profissional (p=0,051) e tempo de experiência profissional (p=0,0179) não se revelou significativo. Conclusão O facto do género ter sido a única variável que se revelou preditiva do nível de conhecimentos, faz-nos ponderar da necessidade de se adoptarem estratégias diferenciadas em programas de formação, onde as características e vulnerabilidade dos dois sexos sejam salvaguardadas.

Resumen Objetivo Evaluar el nivel de conocimiento de los agentes educativos sobre los factores de riesgo para la salud mental de niños y adolescentes y analizar su relación con variables sociodemográficas. Métodos Estudio cuantitativo, con un muestreo no probabilístico de 136 agentes educativos (62,5% profesores, 32,4% enfermeros y 5,1% policías), en su mayoría mujeres (70,6%) y con un promedio de edad de 48,34 años. La recolección de datos se realizó mediante un cuestionario autocompletado, en el año lectivo 2018, en cuatro escuelas del concejo de Viseu, en la región centro de Portugal. Las pruebas estadísticas utilizadas fueron: prueba χ2 de Pearson y Análisis de Regresión Múltiple. Resultados En general, los agentes educativos revelaron tener conocimientos sobre los factores de riesgo para la salud mental, con un 39,71% que logró demostrar excelentes conocimientos. En términos comparativos, los enfermeros son los que demuestran mejores niveles de conocimiento ( x̄ =15,546), seguidos de los profesores ( x̄ =13,318) y por último los policías ( x̄ =8,571), diferencias estas significativas (x2=14,725; p= 0,004). Con el estudio multivariado se reveló que el género es la única variable que se mostró predictiva del nivel de conocimiento, que explica el 11,5% de su variabilidad (p=0,002) y demuestra mayor nivel de conocimiento en mujeres. Por otro lado, el efecto predictivo de la variable categoría profesional (p=0,051) y tiempo de experiencia profesional (p=0,0179) no demostró ser significativo. Conclusión El hecho de que el género haya sido la única variable que demostró ser predictiva del nivel de conocimiento nos hace considerar la necesidad de adoptar estrategias diferenciadas en programas de capacitación, en los que las características y vulnerabilidad de los dos sexos sean resguardadas.

Abstract Objective To assess the level of knowledge of education agents about risk factors for mental health in children and adolescents, and to analyze these factors connection with sociodemographic variables. Methods This was a quantitative study that used non-probabilistic sample of 136 education agents (62.5% professors, 32.4% nurses and 5.1% police officers). Most of participants were women (70.6%) with mean age of 48.34 years old. Data collection was performed through a self-completion questionnaire during 2018 academic year in four schools of the municipality of Viseu, Central Portugal. Statistical tests used were chi-square and multiple regression analysis. Results In general, education agents showed to have knowledge about risk factors for mental health, highlighting that 39.71% of them had excellent knowledge. In comparative terms, nurses showed better level of knowledge ( x̄ =15.546), followed by professors ( x̄ =13.318) and, police officers ( x̄ =8.571). Differences between participants were significant (x2=14.725; p= 0.004). The multivariate study demonstrated that gender was the only variable to prove to be a predictor of the level of knowledge, explaining the 11.5% of variability (p=0.002), and showing that women had a greater level of knowledge. The predictive effect of the variable professional category (p=0.051) and years of professional experience (p=0.0179) was not significant. Conclusion The fact that gender was the only variable that proved to be predictive of the level of knowledge led us consider the need of adopting differentiated strategies for training programs, in which the characteristics and vulnerability of both sexes should be protected.

Validation of Wireless Sensors for Psychophysiological Studies.

James One (MindProber Labs) is a wireless psychophysiological device comprising two sensors: one measuring electrodermal activity (EDA), the other photoplethysmography (PPG). This paper reports the validation of James One's EDA sensor by comparing its signal against a research grade polygraph. Twenty participants were instructed to perform breathing exercises to elicit the modulation of EDA and heart rate, while the physiological signal was captured simultaneously on James One and a Biopac MP36. The resulting EDA and PPG records collected from both systems were comprehensively compared. Results suggest that James One captures EDA signal with a quality comparable to a research grade equipment, this constituting a reliable means of capturing data while minimizing setup time and intrusiveness.

Novel textile systems for the continuous monitoring of vital signals: design and characterization.

In this article we present a smart textile system for the continuous monitoring of cardiorespiratory signals, produced and integrated with an industrial embroidery unit. The design of a T-shirt system, having embedded textile sensors and interconnects and custom designed circuit for data collection and Bluetooth transmission is presented. The performance of skin-contact textile electrodes, having distinctive electrical characteristics and surface morphologies, was characterized by measurements of signal to noise ratio, under dry and moisture conditions. The influence of the electrodes size and the wear resistance were addressed. Results of an electrocardiogram acquisition with a subject wearing the T-shirt and display on a smartphone are also shown. The presented smart textile systems exhibit good performance and versatility for custom demand production.

A wearable sensor network for human locomotion data capture.

A new wearable data capture system for gait analysis is being developed. It consists of a pantyhose with embedded conductive yarns interconnecting customized sensing electronic devices that capture inertial and electromyographic signals and sends aggregated information to a personal computer through a wireless link. The use of conductive yarns to build the myoelectric electrodes and the interconnections of the wired sensors network, as well as the topology and functionality of the sensor modules are presented.